Rapport intérimaire - Rapport No. 1, 1952

A. A. The complainants' allegations

• Analysis of the Complaint
  130. 130 The complaint presented by certain exiled trade union leaders of the Dominican Republic and endorsed by the Inter-American Confederation of Labor makes, in particular, the following allegations:
       • (a) The Dominican General Confederation of Labour was forcibly dissolved in 1930, and since that time the Government has crushed all protests, strikes and other workers' demonstrations by means of repressive measures taken especially in 1936, 1942, 1946 and 1947 and has in this way effectively suppressed most of the trade union organisations. It authorised the Constitution only of the Dominican Confederation of Labour, a factitious body in the service of the Government.
       • (b) By virtue of a Decree of 21 January 1936 instituting a " trade union day "-a Decree which is still in force-the Government interfered in the administration of existing trade union organisations.
  131. Analysis of the Reply
  131. 131 The observations presented by the Government give the following replies to these allegations:
       • (a) The complainants are not representatives of trade union organisations but political agitators condemned by the ordinary courts for political offences and even for common-law crimes. Consequently they are not qualified to present the complaint.
       • (b) The complaint is inspired by purely political motives.
       • (c) Legislation in force assures full protection to the workers as is proved by the legal texts annexed to the reply. The Decree of 21 January 1936, in particular, has the sole object of promoting the development of trade unions.
       • (d) The Dominican General Confederation of Labour was not dissolved in 1930 and no trade union organisation is controlled by the Government ; the Dominican Confederation of Labour in particular is an entirely independent organisation.

B. B. The Committee's conclusions

1. 132. In denying that the four signatories of the complaint exiled from the country have any capacity as trade union representatives the Government considers that the complaint, emanating not from an organisation but from mere individuals, is not receivable. By the terms of the regulations governing the procedure, the only complaints receivable, with the exception of those officially transmitted to the International Labour Organisation by the General Assembly or the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations are those emanating either from workers' or employers' organisations or from Governments.
2. 133. The Committee has observed that the complaint was lodged not only by the four Dominican persons mentioned but also by the President of the Inter-American Confederation of Labour in the name of that organisation. It would appear, therefore, that on this ground alone the complaint is receivable whether the objections raised against the other signatories are justifiable or not. The fact that this organisation has since been dissolved and replaced by the Inter-American Regional Organisation of Workers, a regional organisation of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, does not, in the view of the Committee, affect the receivability of the complaint.
3. 134. Relying on the argument that the four Dominican signatories are " politicians in exile, condemned by the courts ", the Government attributes a purely political character to the complaint. The Government states in particular: " The attitude of these persons has always been to stir up revolt inside and outside Dominican territory and it is for this reason that the complaint which they have signed has a purely political character. ".
4. 135. In basing their complaint on the allegation that workers' organisations cannot exist or function freely, the complainants are submitting precise facts which, if proved, would make it impossible, seemingly, to reject the complaint on the ground that it is purely political in character, whatever the motive inspiring it may actually be.
5. 136. Basing their argument on a series of repressive measures directed especially against trade union leaders and on the fact that only a single central trade union organisation under the control of the Government is authorised, the complainants claim that workers in the Dominican Republic do not have the right to organise freely according to their own choice.
6. 137. Alleging, in the second place, that by virtue of a Decree of 21 January 1936 existing organisations are placed under the control of the Government, the complainants claim that the Government interferes in the administration of trade unions.
7. 138. Without attempting at this stage to examine in detail the legislation mentioned in the Government's reply, the Committee would point out that this legislation is evidence only of the present legal situation of occupational organisations and not of the factual situation which is the principal element in the complaint.
8. 139. So far as the allegations relating to the factual situation of trade unions are concerned, the versions of the events given by the complainants and by the Government differ fundamentally and, without a preliminary enquiry on the spot, it would no doubt be impossible to decide as to their respective merits.