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Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention, 1957 (No. 107) - Angola (Ratification: 1976)

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Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2022, published 111st ILC session (2023)

Article 1 of the Convention. Identification and protection of tribal and semi-tribal populations. For a number of years, the Committee has been requesting the Government to specify the groups covered by the Convention, including information on their economic activities and geographical distribution. The Committee takes due note of the Government’s indication in its report that the populations covered by the Convention include: (i) the Mukuando/Mukuisse, who are seasonally nomadic, located in Namibe province (municipalities of Virei and Camucuio) and Huila province (municipality of Quilengues); (ii) Mucubal, who are sedentary, living in the provinces of Namibe (municipality of Virei) and Cunene (municipality of Curoca); (iii) Mumuila, who have both sedentary and seasonally nomadic characteristics, located in the provinces of Huíla and Namible; and (iv) the San, who are sedentary and live in small groups, located in the province of Cuando Cubango (municipalities of Cuito Cuanavale, Fulai Mit and Mukovongo) and Cunene province (district of Ombadja and Chivemba). The Committee encourages the Government to continue taking measures to collect data on the size and socioeconomic conditions of the populations covered by the Convention, and to provide information in this regard.

Articles 2 and 5. Coordinated and systematic action. Collaboration. The Committee notes with interest the establishment by the Executive Decree No. 289/20 of the National Directorate for Communities and Institutions of Traditional Power (DNCIPT), within the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment, whose function is to act as the executive body responsible for formulating the national policy on communities and institutions of traditional power. The DNCIPT also has among its tasks: (i) developing studies on traditional power in Angola; keeping an up-to-date register of the communities and institutions of traditional power as well as of their geographical distribution and main economic activities; (ii) carry out, on a regular basis, consultations and reflection meetings with the institutions of the traditional power with a view to rescuing their role, place and symbolism, both in communities and in society; and (iii) ensure the respect and inclusion of local cultures and traditions in the planning and execution of projects and activities of public utility associations, private entities, NGOs or individuals, as well as beneficiaries of public support programs. The Committee further notes that the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Environment, through the DNCIPT and the Legal Office, has prepared and submitted to the National Assembly a draft legislation on the institutions of traditional power.

The Committee welcomes the establishment of theNational Directorate for Communities and Institutions of Traditional Power (DNCIPT), which provides a good basis for an effective coordinated and systematic action for the protection of the groups covered by the Convention, and requests the Government to continue providing information on the measures taken to allocate resources and strengthen the capacities of the DNCIPT to discharge its functions. In this regard, the Committee requests the Government to provide information on the activities undertaken by the DNCIPT under its different areas of action mentioned in the Executive Decree No. 289/20. Please also indicate how the populations covered by the Convention and their representatives collaborate with the DNCIPT in its different activities, including in the formulation of a national policy on communities and institutions of traditional power. Lastly, the Committee requests the Government to provide information on the progress made towards the adoption of a law on institutions of traditional power, and to provide a copy of that law once adopted.

Article 6. Improvement of living and working conditions. The Committee previously noted that the National Development Plan 2018-2022 envisaged specific actions for traditional communities and ethnic minority groups. The Committee notes that the Government indicates that the National Development Plan (2018-2022) gives priority to action in the area of cultural policy, more specifically to support traditional communities, particularly the Khoisan and the ethnic and minority groups in the provinces of Namibe, Huila and Cuando Cubango. The Government adds that the DNCIPT is a member of the National Social Action Council, which operates programmes and projects benefiting minority communities. The Committee requests the Government to provide detailed information on the measures taken, including under its national development policy, to improve the living and working conditions of the groups covered by the Convention. Please include information on the progress achieved in this regard, including examples, as well on the difficulties encountered.

Article 11. Land. The Committee previously noted that Act No. 9 of 2004 recognizes the right of rural communities to collectively possess, manage, utilize, and benefit from rural community lands, and provides the basis for a legal regime governing the property of those lands. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that the provinces of Cunene, Huíla, Namibe and Cuando Cubango are the regions where collective land ownership by rural communities predominate. The Government emphasizes that, pursuant to section 23(2) of the Act, the demarcation of rural land is preceded by consultations with rural families and with the institutions of the traditional authorities in the area in which the land in question is located. The Committee notes that in its 2019 concluding observations, the United Nations Human Rights Committee noted that the members of the San continue to encounter impediments in maintaining access to their lands, faced exclusion from accessing grazing lands and encountered problems of expropriation of land (CCPR/C/AGO/CO/2 para. 49). The Committee requests the Government to take measures to ensure that the groups covered by this Convention enjoy the right of ownership and use of the lands they have traditionally occupied. Please provide specific information on the size and location of lands that have been titled in favour of indigenous and tribal communities under Act. 9 of 2004.

Perspectives of ratification of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169). In its previous comment, the Committee encouraged the Government to consider ratifying Convention No.169, which is the most up-to-date instrument in this area, in line with the decision adopted by the Governing Body at its 328th Session (November 2016). Taking into account that the recent measures taken by the Government strengthen the legal and institutional framework for the realization of the rights of indigenous and tribal populations, the Committee once again encourages the Government to continue considering the ratification of Convention No. 169. It recalls that the Government can avail itself of ILO technical assistance in this regard.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2018, published 108th ILC session (2019)

Article 1 of the Convention. Identification and protection of tribal and semi tribal populations. In its previous comments, the Committee requested the Government to provide information regarding the size, geographical location and the circumstances of the San population and other national population groups considered to be tribal or semi-tribal populations within the meaning of Article 1 of the Convention. The Committee also noted that the Government referred to development projects implemented in the Cunene and Kuando-Kubango provinces with the aim of facilitating the social development and improving the environment of minority populations.

The Committee notes the Government’s indication in its report that the State considers indigenous populations to be an integral part of the national population. The cultural, religious and other values of these populations are recognized, respected, protected and valued by the State, as they are considered to be part of the national cultural heritage. In this regard, the Committee notes that one of the 83 programmes of action included in the National Development Plan 2018(22 covers the promotion and revitalization of historical and cultural heritage. Its priority actions include: mapping the communities and institutions with “traditional authority”; collecting statistical data to understand their geographical distribution and economic activities; conducting studies on the habits and customs of the various ethno-linguistic groups; providing assistance to traditional communities, particularly the Khoi San people and the ethnic minority groups of the Namibe, Huíla and Kuando-Kubango provinces. The Committee hopes that, as a result of the implementation of the National Development Plan 2018(22, and particularly the abovementioned priority actions linked to the promotion of historical and cultural heritage, the Government will soon be able to provide detailed information on the different population groups afforded protection under the Convention, particularly the San population. The Committee also requests the Government to indicate the size of these groups, their geographical distribution and their economic activities, and to provide copies of any studies, maps or statistical data that have been produced in this regard.

Articles 2 and 6. Coordinated and systematic action for the protection and promotion of the social, economic and cultural development of the populations concerned. The Committee previously requested the Government to provide information on the rural development projects promoted by the Department for Rural Development and the activities carried out by the Institute for Agrarian Development that affect or are directed at the groups covered by the Convention. In its report, the Government indicates that the assistance programmes or projects directed at vulnerable groups are formulated and implemented in a generic manner in order to guarantee the right to equality of opportunity and social equality. The Government adds that the actions aiming at the development of the regions inhabited by the populations concerned are implemented on the basis of the National Development Plan, given that other populations exist alongside these populations with the same level of development and the same difficulties in accessing health care, education and work.

The Committee notes the periodic reports submitted in 2017 by the Government as part of the implementation of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. It notes that the Government indicated in these reports that one of its current concerns is the elimination of disparities between urban and rural areas, particularly the country’s least developed areas, which affect the regions inhabited by minority ethnic communities. The Government also referred to the adoption of assistance measures for vulnerable communities, particularly for the families of the San community. Noting the Government’s indication that measures targeting vulnerable populations fall within the general framework of the implementation of the National Development Plan, the Committee requests the Government to provide more specific information on the manner in which the measures adopted or the programmes implemented in the regions inhabited by the population groups afforded protection under the Convention improve their living and working conditions and their level of education. The Committee also requests the Government to indicate the manner in which the specific needs of these groups are taken into account. The Committee further requests the Government to indicate whether the populations concerned and their representatives have been involved in the formulation and development of the projects and programmes designed for them.

Article 11. Lands. The Committee notes that the Government refers to article 15 of the Constitution, under which lands are the original property of the State and may be transferred to individuals or legal entities. This article also grants local communities the use of and access to lands. The Committee notes in this regard that the Lands Act (Act No. 9/04 of 9 November 2004) recognizes and defines the concepts of “rural communities”, “rural community lands” and “required customary areas”. Rural communities are defined as communities of neighbouring families or communities that, in rural areas, have the collective rights to possess, manage, utilize and benefit from community productive assets, particularly the rural community lands that they occupy and utilize, according to the principles of self-administration and management, which they may inhabit or use to carry out their activities or for other purposes recognized by custom or legislation. Respect for the property rights of rural communities is one of the principles upon which the Act is based. Furthermore, the Act recognizes the legal personality and capacity of these communities. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the manner in which the Lands Act has contributed or contributes in practice to ensuring the exercise of the property rights of the population groups afforded protection under the Convention with regard to the lands which they traditionally occupy. The Committee also requests the Government to indicate the regions in which collective property rights have been recognized, the communities that have benefited and the difficulties faced by communities and the authorities.

Articles 21 and 23. Education. The Committee notes that, in its report on the implementation of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the Government indicated that any specific programmes in areas of transhumance (migratory livestock farming) cater to the need to ensure access to social services, particularly education and health care, for the children of nomadic populations in the Namibe, Huíla and Cunene provinces. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken to enable the population groups afforded protection under the Convention, including nomadic populations, to access education at all levels on an equal footing with the rest of the population and to promote education in their mother tongue.

Updated prospects of ratification of the Convention. The Committee has been informed that, at its 328th Session (November 2016), the Governing Body noted the report of the Standards Review Mechanism Tripartite Working Group, which discussed the follow-up to take to a number of instruments identified as outdated, including Convention No. 107. On the basis of this report, the Governing Body requested the Office to commence follow-up with the member States currently bound by the Convention: (i) encouraging them to ratify the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), as the most up to date instrument in this subject area, which would result in the automatic denunciation of Convention No. 107; and (ii) collecting information from those member States with the aim of better understanding the reasons for their non ratification of Convention No. 169 (see GB.328/LILS/2/1(Rev.)). The Committee therefore encourages the Government to act upon the decision adopted by the Governing Body at its 328th Session (November 2016) and consider ratifying Convention No. 169, which is the most up-to-date instrument in this area.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2016, published 106th ILC session (2017)

The Committee notes with concern that the Government’s report has not been received. It expects that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition

Protection of indigenous populations in the provinces of Cunene and Kuando Kubango. In a communication received in November 2008, the National Union of Angolan Workers (UNTA) reported the existence of a few tribal and semi-tribal nomadic groups in the southern provinces of the country, which remained isolated during the civil war. In June 2010, the Government provided information on a solidarity project concerning the province of Kuando-Kubango, with the aim of assisting minority populations with a view to their social integration, to improve their environment, build schools, combat hunger, poverty and social exclusion in the province, in which the multinational enterprise BP Angola was to participate. A similar project is to be carried out in the province of Cunene. A non-governmental organization (NGO), the Association for Environmental Conservation and Integrated Rural Development (ACADIR, Associação de Conservação do Ambiente e Desenvolvimiento Integrado Rural), is to participate in the implementation of these projects in the two provinces. The Government also indicates that, as a result of the war, the province of Kuando-Kubango has been mined and the regions where minority populations live have not received assistance. The authorities of the two provinces have investment projects for the development of infrastructure and the creation of schools, housing and hospitals, and to conduct a population census in the two provinces. The Committee invites the Government to provide information on the development and outcome of the projects implemented in the provinces of Cunene and Kuando-Kubango, and on the measures taken to ensure that the rights and interests of the indigenous populations are fully respected and guaranteed in this framework.

Revision of Convention No. 107. The Committee recalls that, at its 270th Session (November 1997), the Governing Body invited the States parties to Convention No. 107 to contemplate ratifying the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), which would, ipso jure, involve the immediate denunciation of Convention No. 107 (see the Report of the Working Party on Policy regarding the Revision of Standards, GB.270/LILS/3(Rev.1), paragraph 85). The Committee notes that, while awaiting a decision on ratification, the Government remains under the obligation to give effect to the provisions of Convention No. 107, which remain pertinent, and particularly those concerning questions raised in the current direct request. The Committee invites the Government to include information in its next report on any consultations held with the social partners on the possibility of ratifying the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169).

Part I of the Convention (General Policy). Article 1. In its 2009 direct request, the Committee noted that the report of the Expert Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities, adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in November 2003, addressed the situation of the San in southern Africa, a group which lived from, and sometimes still live from, hunting and gathering and which suffers from marginalization and multiple human rights violations. In Angola, the San account for 0.01 per cent of the population. The Committee invites the Government to specify in its next report the size of the San population and of other national population groups that are covered by the Convention and the regions of the country in which they live.

The Committee recalls that, in its 2009 direct request, it raised two other points, which read as follows:

Equality and non-discrimination. Special measures. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that it is carrying out activities aimed at changing attitudes grounded on traditional discriminatory practices which are still prevailing throughout the country and have a high incidence in some regions. The Committee requests the Government to provide additional information on these activities and the extent to which they contribute to ensuring that the groups covered by the Convention enjoy equality of opportunity and treatment on an equal footing with the rest of the population, including with respect to access to employment and occupation, education and health. Please also provide information on any other positive measures adopted or envisaged to promote the employment of fundamental human rights of the groups covered by the Convention.

Articles 5 and 6. Development. The Committee notes from the Government’s report that the Department for Rural Development has been established with a mandate to promote rural development projects and improve the living conditions of rural communities. The Committee also notes that the Institute for Agrarian Development is distributing agricultural tools in minority tribal communities, including the Khoisan, to promote their participation in productive activities. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the rural development projects promoted by the Department for Rural Development and the activities carried out by the Institute for Agrarian Development in so far as they affect or are directed at the groups covered by the Convention and on their impact on improving the living conditions of these groups. Please also indicate whether the groups affected have been involved in the elaboration and implementation of the projects and programmes affecting them.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2015, published 105th ILC session (2016)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition
Protection of indigenous populations in the provinces of Cunene and Kuando-Kubango. In a communication received in November 2008, the National Union of Angolan Workers (UNTA) reported the existence of a few tribal and semi-tribal nomadic groups in the southern provinces of the country, which remained isolated during the civil war. In June 2010, the Government provided information on a solidarity project concerning the province of Kuando-Kubango, with the aim of assisting minority populations with a view to their social integration, to improve their environment, build schools, combat hunger, poverty and social exclusion in the province, in which the multinational enterprise BP Angola was to participate. A similar project is to be carried out in the province of Cunene. A non-governmental organization (NGO), the Association for Environmental Conservation and Integrated Rural Development (ACADIR, Associação de Conservação do Ambiente e Desenvolvimiento Integrado Rural), is to participate in the implementation of these projects in the two provinces. The Government also indicates that, as a result of the war, the province of Kuando-Kubango has been mined and the regions where minority populations live have not received assistance. The authorities of the two provinces have investment projects for the development of infrastructure and the creation of schools, housing and hospitals, and to conduct a population census in the two provinces. The Committee invites the Government to provide information on the development and outcome of the projects implemented in the provinces of Cunene and Kuando-Kubango, and on the measures taken to ensure that the rights and interests of the indigenous populations are fully respected and guaranteed in this framework.
Revision of Convention No. 107. The Committee recalls that, at its 270th Session (November 1997), the Governing Body invited the States parties to Convention No. 107 to contemplate ratifying the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), which would, ipso jure, involve the immediate denunciation of Convention No. 107 (see the Report of the Working Party on Policy regarding the Revision of Standards, GB.270/LILS/3(Rev.1), paragraph 85). The Committee notes that, while awaiting a decision on ratification, the Government remains under the obligation to give effect to the provisions of Convention No. 107, which remain pertinent, and particularly those concerning questions raised in the current direct request. The Committee invites the Government to include information in its next report on any consultations held with the social partners on the possibility of ratifying the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169).
Part I of the Convention (General Policy). Article 1. In its 2009 direct request, the Committee noted that the report of the Expert Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities, adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in November 2003, addressed the situation of the San in southern Africa, a group which lived from, and sometimes still live from, hunting and gathering and which suffers from marginalization and multiple human rights violations. In Angola, the San account for 0.01 per cent of the population. The Committee invites the Government to specify in its next report the size of the San population and of other national population groups that are covered by the Convention and the regions of the country in which they live.
The Committee recalls that, in its 2009 direct request, it raised two other points, which read as follows:
Equality and non-discrimination. Special measures. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that it is carrying out activities aimed at changing attitudes grounded on traditional discriminatory practices which are still prevailing throughout the country and have a high incidence in some regions. The Committee requests the Government to provide additional information on these activities and the extent to which they contribute to ensuring that the groups covered by the Convention enjoy equality of opportunity and treatment on an equal footing with the rest of the population, including with respect to access to employment and occupation, education and health. Please also provide information on any other positive measures adopted or envisaged to promote the employment of fundamental human rights of the groups covered by the Convention.
Articles 5 and 6. Development. The Committee notes from the Government’s report that the Department for Rural Development has been established with a mandate to promote rural development projects and improve the living conditions of rural communities. The Committee also notes that the Institute for Agrarian Development is distributing agricultural tools in minority tribal communities, including the Khoisan, to promote their participation in productive activities. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the rural development projects promoted by the Department for Rural Development and the activities carried out by the Institute for Agrarian Development in so far as they affect or are directed at the groups covered by the Convention and on their impact on improving the living conditions of these groups. Please also indicate whether the groups affected have been involved in the elaboration and implementation of the projects and programmes affecting them.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2014, published 104th ILC session (2015)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition
Protection of indigenous populations in the provinces of Cunene and Kuando-Kubango. In a communication received in November 2008, the National Union of Angolan Workers (UNTA) reported the existence of a few tribal and semi-tribal nomadic groups in the southern provinces of the country, which remained isolated during the civil war. In June 2010, the Government provided information on a solidarity project concerning the province of Kuando Kubango, with the aim of assisting minority populations with a view to their social integration, to improve their environment, build schools, combat hunger, poverty and social exclusion in the province, in which the multinational enterprise BP Angola was to participate. A similar project is to be carried out in the province of Cunene. A non-governmental organization (NGO), the Association for Environmental Conservation and Integrated Rural Development (ACADIR, Associação de Conservação do Ambiente e Desenvolvimiento Integrado Rural), is to participate in the implementation of these projects in the two provinces. The Government also indicates that, as a result of the war, the province of Kuando Kubango has been mined and the regions where minority populations live have not received assistance. The authorities of the two provinces have investment projects for the development of infrastructure and the creation of schools, housing and hospitals, and to conduct a population census in the two provinces. The Committee invites the Government to provide information on the development and outcome of the projects implemented in the provinces of Cunene and Kuando-Kubango, and on the measures taken to ensure that the rights and interests of the indigenous populations are fully respected and guaranteed in this framework.
Revision of Convention No. 107. The Committee recalls that, at its 270th Session (November 1997), the Governing Body invited the States parties to Convention No. 107 to contemplate ratifying the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), which would, ipso jure, involve the immediate denunciation of Convention No. 107 (see the Report of the Working Party on Policy regarding the Revision of Standards, GB.270/LILS/3(Rev.1), paragraph 85). The Committee notes that, while awaiting a decision on ratification, the Government remains under the obligation to give effect to the provisions of Convention No. 107, which remain pertinent, and particularly those concerning questions raised in the current direct request. The Committee invites the Government to include information in its next report on any consultations held with the social partners on the possibility of ratifying the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169).
Part I of the Convention (General Policy). Article 1. In its 2009 direct request, the Committee noted that the report of the Expert Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities, adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in November 2003, addressed the situation of the San in southern Africa, a group which lived from, and sometimes still live from, hunting and gathering and which suffers from marginalization and multiple human rights violations. In Angola, the San account for 0.01 per cent of the population. The Committee invites the Government to specify in its next report the size of the San population and of other national population groups that are covered by the Convention and the regions of the country in which they live.
The Committee recalls that, in its 2009 direct request, it raised two other points, which read as follows:
Equality and non-discrimination. Special measures. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that it is carrying out activities aimed at changing attitudes grounded on traditional discriminatory practices which are still prevailing throughout the country and have a high incidence in some regions. The Committee requests the Government to provide additional information on these activities and the extent to which they contribute to ensuring that the groups covered by the Convention enjoy equality of opportunity and treatment on an equal footing with the rest of the population, including with respect to access to employment and occupation, education and health. Please also provide information on any other positive measures adopted or envisaged to promote the employment of fundamental human rights of the groups covered by the Convention.
Articles 5 and 6. Development. The Committee notes from the Government’s report that the Department for Rural Development has been established with a mandate to promote rural development projects and improve the living conditions of rural communities. The Committee also notes that the Institute for Agrarian Development is distributing agricultural tools in minority tribal communities, including the Khoisan, to promote their participation in productive activities. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the rural development projects promoted by the Department for Rural Development and the activities carried out by the Institute for Agrarian Development in so far as they affect or are directed at the groups covered by the Convention and on their impact on improving the living conditions of these groups. Please also indicate whether the groups affected have been involved in the elaboration and implementation of the projects and programmes affecting them.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2013, published 103rd ILC session (2014)

Protection of indigenous populations in the provinces of Cunene and Kuando-Kubango. In a communication received in November 2008, the National Union of Angolan Workers (UNTA) reported the existence of a few tribal and semi-tribal nomadic groups in the southern provinces of the country, which remained isolated during the civil war. In June 2010, the Government provided information on a solidarity project concerning the province of Kuando Kubango, with the aim of assisting minority populations with a view to their social integration, to improve their environment, build schools, combat hunger, poverty and social exclusion in the province, in which the multinational enterprise BP Angola was to participate. A similar project is to be carried out in the province of Cunene. A non-governmental organization (NGO), the Association for Environmental Conservation and Integrated Rural Development (ACADIR, Associação de Conservação do Ambiente e Desenvolvimiento Integrado Rural), is to participate in the implementation of these projects in the two provinces. The Government also indicates that, as a result of the war, the province of Kuando Kubango has been mined and the regions where minority populations live have not received assistance. The authorities of the two provinces have investment projects for the development of infrastructure and the creation of schools, housing and hospitals, and to conduct a population census in the two provinces. The Committee invites the Government to provide information on the development and outcome of the projects implemented in the provinces of Cunene and Kuando-Kubango, and on the measures taken to ensure that the rights and interests of the indigenous populations are fully respected and guaranteed in this framework.

Revision of Convention No. 107. The Committee recalls that, at its 270th Session (November 1997), the Governing Body invited the States parties to Convention No. 107 to contemplate ratifying the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169), which would, ipso jure, involve the immediate denunciation of Convention No. 107 (see the Report of the Working Party on Policy regarding the Revision of Standards, GB.270/LILS/3(Rev.1), paragraph 85). The Committee notes that, while awaiting a decision on ratification, the Government remains under the obligation to give effect to the provisions of Convention No. 107, which remain pertinent, and particularly those concerning questions raised in the current direct request. The Committee invites the Government to include information in its next report on any consultations held with the social partners on the possibility of ratifying the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169).

Part I of the Convention (General Policy). Article 1. In its 2009 direct request, the Committee noted that the report of the Expert Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities, adopted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in November 2003, addressed the situation of the San in southern Africa, a group which lived from, and sometimes still live from, hunting and gathering and which suffers from marginalization and multiple human rights violations. In Angola, the San account for 0.01 per cent of the population. The Committee invites the Government to specify in its next report the size of the San population and of other national population groups that are covered by the Convention and the regions of the country in which they live.

The Committee recalls that, in its 2009 direct request, it raised two other points, which read as follows:

Equality and non-discrimination. Special measures. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that it is carrying out activities aimed at changing attitudes grounded on traditional discriminatory practices which are still prevailing throughout the country and have a high incidence in some regions. The Committee requests the Government to provide additional information on these activities and the extent to which they contribute to ensuring that the groups covered by the Convention enjoy equality of opportunity and treatment on an equal footing with the rest of the population, including with respect to access to employment and occupation, education and health. Please also provide information on any other positive measures adopted or envisaged to promote the employment of fundamental human rights of the groups covered by the Convention.

Articles 5 and 6. Development. The Committee notes from the Government’s report that the Department for Rural Development has been established with a mandate to promote rural development projects and improve the living conditions of rural communities. The Committee also notes that the Institute for Agrarian Development is distributing agricultural tools in minority tribal communities, including the Khoisan, to promote their participation in productive activities. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the rural development projects promoted by the Department for Rural Development and the activities carried out by the Institute for Agrarian Development in so far as they affect or are directed at the groups covered by the Convention and on their impact on improving the living conditions of these groups. Please also indicate whether the groups affected have been involved in the elaboration and implementation of the projects and programmes affecting them.

[The Government is asked to reply in detail to the present comments in 2014.]

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2009, published 99th ILC session (2010)

The Committee notes the communication of the National Union of Angolan Workers (UNTA), received on 17 November 2008 and sent to the Government on 18 December 2008. In its communication, the UNTA indicates the existence of small tribal and semi-tribal nomadic groups in the southern provinces of the country.

Scope of application. The Committee recalls that according to the 2003 report of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights expert working group on indigenous populations/communities, the San of Southern Africa constitute a group of hunter-gatherers or former hunter-gatherers who suffer from marginalization and specific human rights violations. In Angola, the San make up 0.01 per cent of the national population. The Committee recalls that over a number of years it has been asking the Government to collect and submit information on the groups covered by the Convention and regrets that the Government’s report does not contain such information. The Committee encourages the Government to gather and submit information on the groups covered by the Convention encompassing their size, cultural characteristics and socio-economic situation, including through the realization of specific studies targeting them. The Committee again invites the Government to explore, with the assistance of the Office, ways and means of applying the Convention in the country. The Committee also requests the Government to provide information on any specific legislative provisions relevant to the protection of these groups.

Equality and non-discrimination. Special measures. The Committee notes the Government’s indication that it is carrying out activities aimed at changing attitudes grounded on traditional discriminatory practices which are still prevailing throughout the country and have a high incidence in some regions. The Committee requests the Government to provide additional information on these activities and the extent to which they contribute to ensuring that the groups covered by the Convention enjoy equality of opportunity and treatment on an equal footing with the rest of the population, including with respect to access to employment and occupation, education and health. Please also provide information on any other positive measures adopted or envisaged to promote the enjoyment of fundamental human rights of the groups covered by the Convention.

Articles 5 and 6. Development. The Committee notes from the Government’s report that the Department for Rural Development has been established with a mandate to promote rural development projects and improve the living conditions of rural communities. The Committee also notes that the Institute for Agrarian Development is distributing agricultural tools in minority tribal communities, including the Khoisan, to promote their participation in productive activities. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the rural development projects promoted by the Department of Rural Development and the activities carried out by the Institute for Agrarian Development in so far as they affect or are directed at the groups covered by the Convention and on their impact on improving the living conditions of these groups. Please also indicate whether the groups affected have been involved in the elaboration and implementation of the projects and programmes affecting them.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2008, published 98th ILC session (2009)

1. In its previous comments, the Committee referred to the Government’s statement that, due to the problems affecting the regions inhabited by the populations covered by the Convention, it had been difficult for the Government to transmit information on these populations. The Government had previously referred to profound constitutional changes, which had significantly affected human rights in the country. The Committee requested a detailed report, and it notes with regret that the report received contains no information on the application of the Convention.

2. The Committee invites the Government to explore, with the assistance of the Office, ways and means of applying the Convention to certain populations in the country. It once again requests information on populations that might be covered by the Convention and asks the Government to indicate any legislative amendments which have had an effect on the situation of the populations covered by the Convention.

3. The Committee notes the 2003 report of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights expert working group on indigenous populations/communities, according to which the San of Southern Africa constitute a group of hunter-gatherers or former hunter-gatherers who suffer from marginalization and specific human rights violations. In Angola, the San make up 0.01 per cent of the national population. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on the situation of the San people.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2005, published 95th ILC session (2006)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2004, published 93rd ILC session (2005)

The Committee has not received detailed information on the application of the Convention in many years. In its previous comment, in the absence of a report, it repeated its previous comment in which it noted that the Government had indicated that the situation in the regions where the populations covered by the Convention are most likely to live had rendered it difficult to provide information on the size and types of the populations covered by the Convention. It has previously referred to profound changes in Angola’s constitutional order, which had a significant impact on human rights in the country.

The Committee had already requested a detailed report on the application of the Convention, which however has not been supplied. It again expresses the hope that the Government will supply the information necessary to assess the application of the Convention, by responding to the questions in the report form adopted by the Governing Body.

[The Government is asked to report in detail in 2005.]

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2003, published 92nd ILC session (2004)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report contains no reply to its previous comments.

The Committee recalls that its 1988 direct request asked the Government to collect and transmit information concerning the size and types of the different populations of the country, including the characteristics that differentiate them from the rest of the population and the languages spoken by them. In its March 1991 report, the Government undertook to conduct an in-depth study in order to supply the information requested. Subsequently, in its 1992 report, the Government indicated that there had been profound changes in Angola’s constitutional order which had a specific impact on human rights.

The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the situation in the regions where the populations concerned are most likely to live has rendered it difficult to provide the information sought by the Committee regarding the size and types of populations in the country. It nevertheless urges the Government to provide any concrete information in its possession concerning the points raised in the Committee’s previous comments, including information on the legislative changes referred to in the Government’s 1992 report.

The Committee expresses the hope that the Government will supply the information necessary to examine the application of the Convention and that it will make every effort to take the necessary steps in the very near future.

[The Government is asked to report in detail in 2004.]

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2001, published 90th ILC session (2002)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report contains no reply to its previous comments.

[The Government is asked to report in detail in 2003.]

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2000, published 89th ILC session (2001)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report contains no reply to its previous comments.

The Committee recalls that its 1988 direct request asked the Government to collect and transmit information concerning the size and types of the different populations of the country, including the characteristics that differentiate them from the rest of the population and the languages spoken by them. In its March 1991 report, the Government undertook to conduct an in-depth study in order to supply the information requested. Subsequently, in its 1992 report, the Government indicated that Angola’s constitutional order had undergone profound changes, particularly in the area of human rights.

In light of the indications contained in the Government’s 1991 and 1992 reports, the Committee returns to the points raised in its earlier comments. It hopes that the Government will supply the information necessary to examine the application of the Convention, and expresses the hope that the Government will make every effort to take the necessary steps in the very near future.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1996, published 85th ILC session (1997)

The Committee takes note of the Government's report for the period ending 15 September 1995. It takes note that as the report gives no further particulars in reply to the earlier direct request, the Committee must return to the questions in a new direct request. It hopes that the Government will take the necessary steps and supply the information requested in its next report.

In the report received in March 1991, the Government expressed the intention of responding to the requests made earlier for information on the size and types of population, and the languages and characteristics of the populations likely to be covered by the Convention, when the situation of war affecting the areas in which they are likely to live had been resolved. The Committee notes from the later report (received in January 1992) that the Government has stated that there have been profound changes in the constitutional order which have a special impact on human rights.

The Committee requests the Government to provide the information requested earlier as soon as the situation may allow. Please indicate also the legislative changes which would affect the situation of the populations covered by the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1995, published 82nd ILC session (1995)

The Committee notes that as the Government's report gives no further particulars in reply to the earlier direct requests, the Committee must return to the question in a new direct request. It hopes that the Government will without fail take the necessary steps and supply the information requested.

The Committee hopes that the Government will remain in contact with the Office concerning the possible denunciation of the Convention, and that it will make an appropriate decision following consultations. In the meantime, it requests the Government to provide the information requested earlier as soon as the situation may allow. Please indicate also the legislative changes which would affect the situation of the populations covered by the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1995, published 83rd ILC session (1996)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1992, published 79th ILC session (1992)

The Committee notes the Government's reports, which arrived too late to be examined at the previous session. In the report received in March 1991, the Government expressed the intention of responding to the requests made earlier for information on the size and types of population, and the languages and characteristics of the populations likely to be covered by the Convention, when the situation of war affecting the areas in which they are likely to live had been resolved. The Committee notes from the later report (received in January 1992) that the Government has stated that there have been profound changes in the constitutional order which have a special impact on human rights, and has reiterated its earlier intention to denounce the Convention at the appropriate time.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1991, published 78th ILC session (1991)

The Committee notes from the Government's latest report that it intends to denounce the Convention, and that it will make contact with the Office before embarking upon this procedure.

The Committee considers that the Government's decision to make contact with the ILO is appropriate and hopes that it will make the appropriate decision following these discussions.

In the meantime, the Committee hopes that the Government will collect and transmit information concerning the size and types of population, the languages and characteristics of the populations likely to be covered by the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1988, published 75th ILC session (1988)

The Committee notes from the Government's latest report that it intends to denounce the Convention, and that it will make contact with the Office before embarking upon this procedure.

The Committee considers that the Government's decision to make contact with the ILO is appropriate and hopes that it will make the appropriate decision following these discussions.