Individual Case (CAS) - Discussion: 2018, Publication: 107th ILC session (2018)



Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81)

Labour Inspection (Agriculture) Convention, 1969 (No. 129)

A Government representative said that a complex process of reforms was being implemented to bring national legislation, including in the field of labour, into compliance with the instruments referred to in the Association Agreement of 2014 between the European Union (EU) and the Republic of Moldova. During 2016 and 2017, there had been a fundamental reform in the field of state control of entrepreneurial activity, including a reduction from 58 control bodies to 13 authorities and five authorities with regulatory functions. The main purpose of the reform had been to simplify the control procedures, to move to risk-based inspections and to eliminate overlapping competencies among control bodies. As a result of the reform, labour relations had been retained under the competence of the State Labour Inspectorate, while occupational safety and health had been transferred from the State Labour Inspectorate to ten sectoral agencies. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Protection was the central body of the public administration responsible for promoting occupational safety and health policy. The State Labour Inspectorate monitored and coordinated compliance, reporting to the central authority the action related to monitoring occupational safety and health carried out by the ten sectoral agencies. Under the reformed institutional framework, employers in all areas of economic activity were monitored in the field of occupational safety and health. In agriculture, this was done by labour inspectors from the National Food Safety Agency. With respect to the allocation of resources, each of the authorities with functions in the field of occupational safety and health were responsible for budgetary planning to ensure the proper implementation of their labour inspectors’ activities. The State Labour Inspectorate held training activities for labour inspection, including those with control functions in the field of occupational safety and health, and four inspectors from three agencies had received such training. No interference was permitted in the work of labour inspectors. The Government was in the process of drafting legal acts in order to establish the status of labour inspectors in accordance with ILO Conventions, to be independent of changes of government and of improper external influences. Inspectors in the ten authorities had the right to require and get the support of experts and specialists from other relevant institutions in order to perform occupational safety and health inspections. The State Labour Inspectorate, as a national coordinating body, had the duty to elaborate the labour inspection report, with the participation of the ten competent agencies.

She indicated that labour inspectors with control responsibilities in the field of occupational safety and health had the status of civil servants, except for those who were employees of the National Energy Regulation Agency and the National Regulatory Agency for Electronic Communications and Information Technology. The Government intended to modify the national legislation to include those two agencies. With regard to ensuring a sufficient number of inspectors, 36 personnel out of 43 labour inspectors of the State Labour Inspectorate had been transferred to six newly established authorities with control functions in the field of occupational safety and health, including the budgets for their salaries. There were a sufficient number of inspectors, and inspectors also had competences in the field of activity of the respective agencies. The majority of agencies with occupational safety and health responsibilities had territorial offices. While the Law No. 131 on state control of entrepreneurial activity stated that a planned control could only be carried out in an enterprise no more than once a year, that did not prevent unannounced controls whenever necessary in order to ensure the application of labour legislation and occupational safety and health standards. Law No. 131 had been amended by Law No. 185 of 21 September 2017, to remove the requirement for prior notification of inspections. The number of infringement reports for violations of labour legislation had decreased following the implementation of Law No. 131 in 2013. A six month moratorium on labour inspection had been declared in 2016. Law No. 185 of 2017 amended the Contravention Code to introduce new fines for employers who were not meeting their occupational safety and health obligations under national legislation. Pursuant to Law No. 140 on state labour inspection of 2001 and the Law on safety and health at work, labour inspectors were required to keep confidential the source of any complaint. The modification of the provisions of Law No. 131 removing the requirement for prior notification would ensure that the fact that a control was carried out following a complaint would not be disclosed. The ILO mission undertaken in December 2017 had assisted in focusing on the main issues requiring improvement in the occupational safety and health system. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Protection had already undertaken certain administrative and organizational measures in order to implement the mission’s recommendations and accelerate the control process in the area of occupational safety and health.

The Employer members recalled that, following a representation made in 2013 by the National Confederation of Trade Unions of Moldova (CNSM), the Governing Body had set up a tripartite committee, the report of which had been published in March 2015, and that the decision to close the representation at that time had been related to the adoption of national measures to give effect, in particular, to Articles 12 and 16 of Convention No. 81. ILO technical assistance, proposed in 2015, had finally been requested by the Government and had been able to begin in February 2017. The national authorities had wished to verify whether their draft reforms of the labour inspection services were in conformity with ILO standards. Despite the efforts made within the framework of the technical assistance, the Committee of Experts, by proposing to include this national situation on the list of cases of serious failure on the occasion of the present session of the Conference, had given a clear indication of non-conformity. The Employer members expressed concern at the issues raised by the Committee of Experts, namely: the existence of a central authority that was still effective and functional to coordinate the various inspection services in the field of occupational safety and health; the reasons for the significant decline in the number of infringement reports referred to the courts between 2012 and 2016; the restrictions on the power of inspectors to carry out inspections without previous notice; guarantees of confidentiality; the need to take measures to ensure that inspections were possible as often as necessary; the real discretion of inspectors to decide whether or not to initiate immediate legal proceedings; and, finally, the issue of the adequate training for labour inspectors in agriculture. Only inspection services which fulfilled the criteria of independence, quality and equality of treatment for all economic actors made it possible to ensure good governance in the world of work and were indispensable for effective administration. In a State which respected the rule of law, through labour inspection and an appropriate regulatory framework, the business climate would stabilize, legal and economic security would increase and the social risks for investors would be more limited. A sound labour inspection service, which acted principally on a preventive and advisory basis, was essential to guarantee fair and ethical competition, which encouraged investment, economic growth and the resulting creation of employment. Although labour inspection services, as required by Conventions Nos 81 and 98, needed to function independently and without restriction in order to ensure the effective enforcement of labour regulation, it was also important for them to be impartial and to operate in accordance with the rule of law. For example, labour inspectors should not be dissuaded from imposing fines and effective measures needed to be adopted to ensure the absence of corruption. The independent and unrestricted functioning of labour inspection services was related to guarantees in terms of good governance, transparency and responsibility.

In view of the increasing complexity of labour legislation in many countries, employers were not always in a position to be able to bring themselves immediately into conformity with the whole corpus of social rules. The inspection services therefore needed to endeavour to provide support to enterprises, on a preventive basis, through the provision of information and technical advice on the most effective means of giving effect to the legislation. In addition to their advisory and preventive functions, the second priority in the action of labour inspection services needed to be to combat social fraud. Sufficient human and material resources should be provided to the inspection services for that purpose, as well as the judicious provision of resources to combat economic and social actors which intentionally failed to respect the rules of the game. Moreover, inspectors needed to have the necessary qualifications, as well as the required independence and ethics, to be able to fulfil their role in an effective and appropriate manner. The Employer members added that the criticisms contained in the observations needed to refer to, and be confined to, the specific rights and obligations set out in the respective Conventions. For example, with reference to paragraph 237 of the General Survey of 2006 of the Committee of Experts, they considered that it did not appear to be appropriate to ensure that a larger number of non-routine inspections were undertaken with a view to ensuring the confidentiality of the identity of the complainants. Similarly, with reference to the issue of immediate legal proceedings, they considered, in light of Article 17(1) of Convention No. 81, that the labour inspection services did not necessarily have absolute discretion to initiate legal proceedings against offenders and that, in light of the national legislation, they should give priority to incentive measures, which were generally very effective. Finally, inspections without prior warning had admittedly demonstrated their effectiveness, but they needed to be surrounded by specific rules and should be carried out in compliance with fundamental freedoms and the principle of proportionality. Nevertheless, the Employer members reaffirmed that the legislative framework in the Republic of Moldova did not yet appear to offer all the necessary guarantees. They therefore encouraged the national authorities to provide the information requested, and to carry out the necessary reforms to make their labour inspection services more effective and in compliance with the principles of the Conventions.

The Worker members, in the same way as the Employer members, recalled that in June 2013 the CNSM had made a representation under article 24 of the ILO Constitution alleging non-observance by the Republic of Moldova of Convention No. 81. The representation indicated that, following the adoption of Law No. 131, it was no longer possible for the labour inspection services to carry out inspections without prior warning as a notice period of five days was required. The tripartite committee set up to examine the representation had found, in its report approved by the Governing Body in 2015, that Law No. 131 was incompatible with the aforementioned Convention. Since then, the situation had not improved, and indeed had deteriorated. According to the Committee of Experts, although the Government had taken some measures to adapt the national legislation, it still contained provisions that were incompatible with the Conventions. While the Government planned to introduce some exceptions to the obligation to give five days’ notice prior to an inspection, the establishment of exceptions was not in itself sufficient to meet the requirements of the Conventions. It should be noted that Law No. 131 withdrew some supervisory competences and functions in the area of occupational safety and health from the state labour inspectorate and transferred them to ten supervisory bodies, including the National Food Safety Agency, the Consumer Protection Agency and the National Centre of Public Health. The division of supervisory functions relating to occupational safety and health diluted labour inspection into a larger framework and led to the eradication of specific features. While the Conventions did not prevent certain responsibilities regarding labour inspection from being assigned to different departments, that was subject to the condition that the competent authority took measures to ensure that adequate budgetary resources were made available and encouraged cooperation between the different departments. It was therefore the responsibility of the Government to provide detailed responses to the observations of the Committee of Experts in that regard. It was particularly important to ensure: the stability of employment and independence of labour inspection personnel; the collaboration of appropriately qualified experts and technicians; a sufficient number of inspectors to allow for the effective fulfilment of inspection duties; the provision of the necessary resources, such as offices and transport; and the conduct of inspections that were as thorough as necessary to ensure the effective application of existing legal provisions. With regard to the number of infringements referred to the courts between 2012 and 2016, which had decreased significantly from 891 to 165, the Government was requested to provide explanations of the decrease and information on the specific results of the reports referred to the courts.

The reason for the confidentiality of the complaints received by the labour inspection services was to protect victims and ensure that they were not subject to reprisals. As the national legislation provided that enterprises had to be informed of inspections five days in advance, non-routine inspections always followed a complaint, which jeopardized the right to confidentiality. With regard to the frequency of inspections, they recalled that article 15 of Law No. 131 provided that each authority exercising supervisory duties must develop an annual inspection plan which could not be modified and which specified the inspections scheduled for each quarter, without it being possible to conduct inspections that were not scheduled. Although the Government claimed that the Law provided for a maximum of one inspection a year unless, according to the risk-based methodology, a greater frequency was required and that there was no limit on non-routine inspections, it had to be noted, in the same way as the Committee of Experts, that non-routine inspections were only authorized under certain specific conditions. They finally referred to article 4 of Law No. 131 (which provided that inspections carried out during the first three years of operation of an enterprise must be advisory) and article 5 (under which, in the case of minor offences, the penalties established by the legislation on administrative and other offences could not be applied). The Worker members considered that such provisions were tantamount to handing enterprises a blank cheque, which allowed them to break the law as they wished, as they were sure that they would not suffer any consequences. It was regrettable that, rather than encouraging the establishment of sound enterprises, which ensured decent jobs in compliance with health and safety standards, the Government preferred in practice to promote means of circumventing laws. It was also clear that such provisions were contrary to the Conventions in question, which provided, subject to certain exceptions, that the violation of legal provisions, which inspectors were responsible for monitoring, gave rise to immediate legal action, without prior notice, and that it was at the discretion of inspectors to assess whether it was necessary to give a warning or advice, or to introduce or recommend prosecution. In conclusion, the Worker members indicated that the legislation on inspection, which had been adopted in 2012, had been strongly influenced by the desire to create an environment conducive to business, which evaded compliance with labour standards. Recalling the purpose of the ILO, they referred to the Preamble of the ILO Constitution, which recalled that “conditions of labour exist involving such injustice, hardship and privation to large numbers of people as to produce unrest so great that the peace and harmony of the world are imperilled”. There was therefore a link between, on the one hand, poor working conditions – those that were subject to monitoring through inspections – and, on the other, the development of injustice and hardship. The second lesson arising from the Preamble was that poor working conditions prevented any social justice and sustained development for all individuals. That could only be achieved if the right of workers to decent working conditions was respected and monitored through effective inspection. The attainment of those objectives was also conditional on the observance of fundamental labour rights and principles, and first and foremost, freedom of association. Therefore, the dismantling of the labour inspectorate under the pretext of creating a conducive environment for business was a short-term calculation that ran the risk of seriously damaging cohesion and social stability.

The Employer member of the Republic of Moldova indicated that in November 2013 the National Confederation of the Employers of the Republic of Moldova (CNPM) had organized a business forum to examine the main obstacles for the business environment in the country and had made a number of recommendations. The information collected had served as a basis for the development of the business environment improvement programme and a memorandum had been signed with the Government which had served as the basis for reforms. Efforts had been made to eliminate business restrictions. In the field of business regulation, there had been a three-fold reduction in the number of approval documents and the process of financial and statistical reporting had been simplified. An institutional reform had been carried out, optimizing the number of institutions with supervisory powers. The goal of the reform was to reduce the burden on economic agents and significantly reduce the number of controls of enterprises with a view to increasing transparency and predictability in the control process. This included a reduction of institutions with supervisory powers; a reduction in the number of approval documents; a simplification of labour relations through the amendment to the Labour Code; and a simplification of financial reporting. With regard to labour inspections, the CNPM had, in consultation with the social partners and the ILO, found that Law No. 131 was not in compliance with Convention No. 81. Certain amendments had to be made. However, for these governmental initiatives to support the business environment by optimizing the number of institutions, it had been necessary to include the State Labour Inspectorate in the reforms. He referred to a proposal that had been made by the CNPM to create an integrated inspection system comprised of the State Labour Inspectorate and the National Centre of Public Health, as was the case in several other countries, but underlined that the proposal had not been supported. Currently, the Republic of Moldova was going through a number of transformations. In this regard, he eagerly awaited the end of the transitional period in order to assess the outcome of the reforms.

The Worker member of the Republic of Moldova emphasized that compliance with Conventions Nos 81 and 129 contributed to saving lives. Limitations on labour inspection functions were unacceptable. Referring to the representation made under article 24 of the ILO Constitution by the CNSM in 2013 and closed in 2015, he recalled the length of time that it had taken for the representation to be examined. Occupational accidents, including fatal accidents, had occurred after the adoption of Law No. 131 which had been related to the absence of labour inspections. The regulation of occupational safety and health by Law No. 131 was in contradiction with the Conventions. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Protection had always supported the position of the CNSM and defended compliance with ILO standards. However, the Ministry had not been supported by the Ministry of the Economy or other parts of the Government. The CNSM had been told that the reform had required change and that, following the signing of the Association Agreement of 2014, the country would have to respect international standards. The tripartite committee set up to examine the article 24 representation had found that Law No. 131 was not in compliance with the provisions of Convention No. 81, and had requested measures be taken to ensure the effective implementation of Articles 12 and 16 of the Convention. While the Government had undertaken to bring the national legislation into line with the provisions of Convention No. 81, through the adoption of the Decent Work Country Programme 2013–16, Articles 12 and 16 of the Convention were not implemented in national legislation. Further, the Ministry of Economy had stated that Law No. 131 was in conformity with international standards and further measures were not needed. The absence of appropriate labour inspection had led to the death of three minors in occupational accidents. Moreover, in April 2016, a moratorium on labour inspection had been introduced. The Committee of Experts had stated that such a limitation was a severe violation of Conventions Nos 81 and 129. Moreover, the functions of the state labour inspection had been transferred to other agencies. He welcomed the fact that, very recently, Parliament had amended the national legislation and given back to the labour inspectorate functions relating to the investigation of severe occupational accidents. An ILO technical assistance mission had led to a number of recommendations on compliance with the Conventions, including with respect to the decentralization of the labour inspection system. Further technical assistance should be provided to improve the national legislation and bring it into compliance with the Conventions.

The Government member of Bulgaria speaking on behalf of the European Union (EU) and its Member States, as well as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Norway, emphasized the fundamental importance of labour inspection for promoting decent work. She confirmed the commitment to political association and economic integration in the framework of the EU–Moldova Association Agreement with its Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA), which was based on core values, notably respect for democratic principles, the rule of law, good governance, human rights and fundamental freedoms, and she welcomed the results of the EU–Moldova Association Council held in May 2018. The issue of labour inspection in the Republic of Moldova had been examined several times by the Committee of Experts, and certain parts of the legislation, particularly Law No. 131, had been found to be in contradiction with Conventions Nos 81 and 129. The reform enacted in 2017, removing occupational safety and health from the mandate of the State Labour Inspectorate, established a complex system that raised many concerns regarding compliance with the Conventions, notably with respect to the overall supervision and coordination of occupational safety and health inspections, the allocation of sufficient budgetary and human resources and the professional qualifications of inspectors, as well as their stability and independence. She expressed concern that the new system would not deliver equal prevention of occupational risks and the protection of health and safety at work to all workers in the country. She also further expressed strong concern at the restrictions on labour inspection contained in Law No. 131, which limited the undertaking of unannounced inspections, as well as the number of inspection visits per year. The Law also weakened the system of penalties and jeopardized the confidentiality of complaints. The number of infringement reports resulting from inspections had also dropped significantly in recent years. The Government was expected to take the necessary steps to bring the national law and practice related to labour inspection, including in agriculture, into conformity with the Conventions, and to avail itself of ILO expertise. The lack of an effective system for the enforcement of labour rights and standards could result in a breach of commitments undertaken by the Republic of Moldova under its Association Agreement (including the DCFTA) with the EU. That included commitments to effectively implement in national law and practice the core labour standards embodied in the ILO fundamental Conventions and to approximate its national legislation to EU law on labour and health and safety at work issues (Article 37 of the Association Agreement). The Republic of Moldova had also undertaken to implement effectively Conventions Nos 81 and 129 in national law and practice pursuant to Article 365 of the Association Agreement. The Republic of Moldova had further committed not to lower levels of protection or to fail to enforce effectively labour law, as an encouragement for trade or investment, pursuant to Article 371 of the Association Agreement. She emphasized the need for the Government, as well as the ILO, to coordinate closely with all relevant international and regional organizations, including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to ensure that the measures taken with regard to labour inspection were in accordance with ILO Conventions.

The Worker member of the United Kingdom, emphasized that in accordance with Convention No. 81, the existence of adequately funded labour inspectorates was a vital component in the effective supervision and enforcement of the labour legislation, including occupational safety and health standards. Referring to the discussion on the case of the application of Conventions Nos 81 and 129 by Ukraine, she highlighted that governments were increasingly restricting the powers and resources of labour inspectorates, under the pretext that it would improve the business environment and regularize the informal economy. In the Republic of Moldova, the capacity of labour inspectorates had never been strong and the number of labour inspectors was limited. Recent legislative reform had further undermined the effectiveness of the system. The adoption of Law No. 131 substantially reduced the capacity of labour inspectorates by limiting the frequency of inspections in individual firms, requiring the provision of prior notice and imposing limits on unannounced inspections. These changes had led to a marked increase in workers’ complaints of labour violations and accidents in the workplace, by 50 per cent between 2012 and 2013. Ten work-related deaths had been reported in 2013 and there had been a significant increase in serious occupational accidents. The Committee of Experts had concluded that Law No. 131 did not comply with the requirements of Convention No. 81 and had made clear recommendations in that respect, but no amendments had been introduced. Further, in 2016, responsibility for the enforcement of labour law and occupational safety and health had been separated, leading to a fragmentation of occupational safety and health-related enforcement and contributing to the growth in occupational accidents and fatalities. The moratorium imposed in 2016 had also paralyzed the work of the labour inspectorate. Such moratoriums were a clear violation of Convention No. 81. In conclusion, she called on the ILO to provide technical assistance, and for the Government to reform its national legislation to comply with Convention No. 81.

The Worker member of Sweden, speaking on behalf of trade unions from the Nordic countries and Germany, stated that they expected countries engaged in close cooperation with the EU and the European Economic Area to comply with international labour standards. Providing for labour inspection was a requirement of Convention No. 81 that had to be respected by all ratifying member States. Legislation designed to protect decent working conditions had to be applied in practice and labour inspection played a vital role in that respect. The application of Convention No. 81 was therefore both important in itself and an important means of ensuring the correct implementation of other labour standards. The Republic of Moldova and the EU had signed the Association Agreement in June 2014 which contained provisions for the creation of a DCFTA over a ten-year transition period. The DCFTA included a number of commitments relating to both labour standards and environmental matters. A weakened State Labour Inspectorate would not enable the country to comply with its obligations to implement ILO Conventions and those created by the Association Agreement with the EU. The Republic of Moldova risked moving away from its commitment to the enforcement of labour standards at the international and European levels, which had also been confirmed through the institutional mechanisms for the implementation of the trade and sustainable development chapter of the DCFTA. The report of the second joint meeting of the Republic of Moldova – European Union Domestic Advisory Group under the DCFTA had expressed growing concern regarding the situation of the State Labour Inspectorate, which raised problems in view of the ILO’s standards on labour inspection as well as under EU law. Labour inspection was under threat in many countries. It was a core function that any responsible state needed to carry out. Weakening labour inspection was harmful to a decent societal climate and detrimental to a fair market for goods and services. Therefore, legislation needed to be introduced to ensure compliance with Convention No. 81 and appropriate resources must be provided for the labour inspectorate to enable it to be effective.

A Government representative recalled that reform in the field of safety and health at work was a challenge, but that, with the support of the ILO and the social partners, the Government would manage to ensure a functional system in line with ILO standards. As the central authority, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Protection would update the national occupational safety and health profile with ILO support. A round-table discussion with the participation of high-level officials from relevant institutions would be organized to discuss and share EU best practices. She expressed appreciation for ILO support offered in adjusting the national framework to achieve compliance with ILO standards. With ILO expertise and technical support, it would be possible to improve the national occupational safety and health system. It was important to have an efficient occupational safety and health system in accordance with ILO Conventions, and in this respect, the Government would build an effective labour administration and labour inspection systems through strong tripartite social dialogue. The changes of Law No. 131 did not automatically imply that the budget for inspections would be reduced. The Law did not limit the number of unannounced visits of inspectors as the limitations referred only to planned visits. The penalties for violations had also not been weakened. The reason for the reduced number of infringement reports filed in 2016 was the moratorium put in place that year. While the Government had taken many steps to implement the ILO standards, there were still areas for improvement. She said her Government was ready to continue the constructive engagement with its partners, especially the ILO and the EU, in order to address the issues raised.

The Worker members thanked the Government and encouraged it to act swiftly to bring the legislation into conformity with the Conventions. Certain problems dated back several years and had already been raised by other supervisory mechanisms, including the provisions which prohibited inspections from being carried out without prior notice. In the context of the reform of the inspection services, they called on the Government to ensure: the stability of employment and independence of inspection personnel; the collaboration of experts and duly qualified technicians; a sufficient number of inspectors for the effective exercise of their inspection functions; and the resources necessary for inspectors to perform their duties, including offices and transport facilities. They also called on the Government to ensure that inspectors had the right to conduct inspections as often as necessary and to guarantee the confidentiality of the complaints. The legislation should also be brought into conformity with the Conventions to allow inspectors the discretion to initiate legal proceedings or simply to issue warnings. Finally, they encouraged the Government to avail itself of ILO technical assistance to give effect to the recommendations.

The Employer members thanked the Government for the information and views provided. They recommended the national authorities to take the necessary measures, and engage in appropriate reforms to bring the labour inspection services into conformity with the principles of Conventions Nos 81 and 129, with particular reference to the authority of inspectors to inspect enterprises without prior warning and the need to carry out inspections as often as necessary. They also called on the Government to provide the Committee of Experts with detailed and precise written responses to all the questions raised in its observation by 1 September 2018. They called on the Government to continue availing itself of ILO technical assistance. They also recalled that, in addition to being provided with the resources necessary to function effectively, the labour inspection services required the necessary legal framework to prevent any abuse. All labour inspection services needed to be independent to ensure their credibility and professionalism. Labour inspection services should engage in open dialogue with the enterprises and persons inspected. Inspections should be legitimate and proportionate to their purpose, and should ensure equality of treatment and respect the need for confidentiality so as not to prejudice the interests of enterprises and persons liable to inspection, and the complainants. They also recalled that the priority of the labour inspection services should be prevention and the provision of advice to companies in good faith, and in particular, that they needed to intensify their efforts to combat social fraud in other enterprises. Fraudulent practices were a scourge for the whole of society, for social security, and also for honest enterprises confronted with grossly unfair economic and social competition.

Conclusions

The Committee took note of the oral statements made by the Government representative and the discussion that followed.

The Committee noted that the labour inspectorate must be given the necessary means to function effectively and independently, and it shall also be placed under the supervision and control of a central authority.

Taking into account the Government’s submissions and the discussion that followed, the Committee recommends the Government to:

- take the necessary measures and appropriate reforms to bring their labour inspection services into line with the provisions of Conventions Nos 81 and 129;

- bring national legislation and practice into line with Conventions Nos 81 and 129 to enable labour inspectors to carry out visits to workplaces liable to inspection without prior notice in order to guarantee adequate and effective supervision;

- ensure that inspections are proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued and are possible as often as necessary;

- provide to the Committee of Experts in writing before 1 September 2018, detailed and precise information on:

- the decentralization of labour inspection services since 2012 in the field of occupational safety and health and on the guarantees of effective operation of labour inspectors throughout the national territory;

- the reasons for the decrease in the number of inspection reports submitted to the courts between 2012 and 2016;

- the guarantees of confidentiality of the identity of complainants;

- the measures taken to ensure that labour inspectors can freely initiate or recommend legal proceedings; and

- the training provided to inspectors in agriculture, including the level of participation.

The Committee invites the Government to continue to avail itself of technical assistance in relation to these recommendations.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2021, published 110th ILC session (2022)

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2019, published 109th ILC session (2021)

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2018, published 108th ILC session (2019)

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2017, published 107th ILC session (2018)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2016, published 106th ILC session (2017)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2015, published 105th ILC session (2016)

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2015, published 105th ILC session (2016)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2014, published 104th ILC session (2015)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2012, published 102nd ILC session (2013)

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Further to its observation, the Committee draws the Government’s attention to the following issues.

Articles 2(1), 3, 5(a) and 16 of the Convention. Functions of the labour inspection system; inspection visits and cooperation with other government services. The Committee notes that, on the basis of Government Circular Letter No. 0204-568 of 17 April 2009, and General Labour Inspectorate Order No. 109 of 22 April 2009, mixed territorial working groups were created at municipal, sector and district levels in order to track illegal employment with the participation of representatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the State Fiscal Inspectorate, the National Social Insurance Office and the National Medical Insurance Company; these groups inspected 250 enterprises and found approximately 900 persons who worked without a written contract. It also notes from the annual labour inspection report provided by the Government that approximately half of the follow-up visits carried out by the labour inspectorate in 2009, that is, 3,525 visits, related to the employment relationship, while 3,548 visits related to occupational safety and health. The Committee also notes, however, that additional priorities for the labour inspectorate in 2009 have been the issues of child labour (inspections carried out in 30 enterprises where more than 100 minor workers were found to be employed), and wage payment, as a result of which 118,802 workers including 68,331 women received benefits and allowances owed to them. The Committee is not clear whether these activities took place in the framework of inspections relative to the employment relationship or in the framework of complaints made by workers.

The Committee must recall that, according to Articles 2(1) and 3(1) of the Convention, the labour inspection system should primarily be aimed at ensuring the application of the legal provisions relating to conditions of work and the protection of workers while engaged in their work. Consequently, the control of the legality of employment can only be considered as an additional function which, according to Article 3(2), should not be such as to interfere with the effective discharge of the primary duties of the labour inspectorate or to prejudice in any way the authority and impartiality which are necessary to inspectors in their relations with employers and workers. The Committee emphasizes in paragraph 77 of its General Survey of 2006 on labour inspection that the Convention does not contain any provision suggesting that any worker be excluded from the protection afforded by labour inspection on account of their irregular employment status and that, to be compatible with the objective of labour inspection, the function of verifying the legality of employment should have as its corollary the reinstatement of the statutory rights of all the workers (wages, leave benefits, overtime and any other related matters). The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide a copy of Government Circular Letter No. 0204-568 of 17 April 2009, and the General Labour Inspectorate Order No. 109 of 22 April 2009, specify the nature of the involvement of labour inspectors in joint operations on the employment relationship and illustrate the way in which such operations lead to the protection of the rights of workers, notably the payment of outstanding wages and benefits.

Furthermore, the Committee requests the Government to keep the Office informed of all labour inspection activities relative to the issue of wage payment and their impact.

Noting, moreover, the detailed information provided by the Government on the inspection activities relative to child labour and their impact on promoting observance of labour legislation, the Committee invites the Government to continue to provide such information and once again requests a copy of Order No. 105 of 30 May 2007 of the General Labour Inspectorate related to the inspection of child labour.

The Government is also requested to describe the manner and the basis on which inspection visits are scheduled and performed (routine, complaints, campaigns).

Article 3(2). Functions entrusted to labour inspectors in the area of dispute settlement. The Committee notes that, although section 9 of the Labour Inspection Act prevents labour inspectors from engaging in mediation or arbitration of labour disputes, the Deontological Code of Labour Inspection approved by Order No. 06‑A of 11 April 2007 requires labour inspectors to recognize and try to settle conflicts related to collective and individual rights and needs (such as the right to safety and health, the right to information and privacy rights). The Committee would like to stress that, as indicated in paragraphs 72–74 of the General Survey, op. cit., the settlement of labour disputes is not among the duties of the labour inspectorate as defined in Article 3(1) of the Convention and that, according to Paragraph 8 of the Labour Inspection Recommendation, 1947 (No. 81), “the functions of labour inspectors should not include that of acting as conciliator or arbitrator in proceedings concerning labour disputes”. The Committee requests the Government to specify whether labour inspectors are required to engage in mediation, conciliation or arbitration of labour disputes and, if that is the case, to provide details on the activities carried out in this regard and to specify their proportion in relation to the primary duties of labour inspectors.

Article 5. Cooperation/collaboration with other government services and the social partners. According to the Government, the labour inspection service has signed cooperation agreements with the Confederation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Moldova (CSRM), the National Confederation of Employers of the Republic of Moldova, the Centre for Human Rights in Moldova, the Centre for Combating Human Trafficking of the Ministry of International Affairs and the National Employment Agency and Labour Institute. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide details in its next report on the cooperation between the inspection system and these entities and the results achieved with regard to the objectives of the Convention.

Article 5(a). Specific cooperation with the justice system. The Committee notes from the annual report that in 2009 the labour inspection service drew up and submitted to the judicial authorities for consideration 672 reports on administrative offences and forwarded investigations on occupational accidents to the police and the Public Prosecutor’s Office. The Committee refers to its general observation of 2007 on the importance of effective cooperation with the justice system in order to achieve the effective enforcement of the legal provisions relating to conditions of work and the protection of workers as required by Article 3(1) of the Convention. The Committee requests the Government to indicate, where available, the outcome of the reports submitted to the judicial authorities by labour inspectors and to describe any arrangements established or envisaged so as to enhance cooperation between the labour inspection system and the judicial authorities.

Articles 6 and 15. Obligations of labour inspectors arising from their status. The Committee takes note of the Civil Servants’ Code of Conduct adopted by Act No. 25-XVI of 22 February 2008. It notes, however, that the Deontological Code of Labour Inspectors, approved by Order No. 06-A of 11 April 2007, has not been attached to the report, as indicated by the Government.

The Committee notes that the Civil Servants’ Code of Conduct contains detailed provisions to prevent cases of undue influence on the activities of labour inspectors. The Committee recalls that one of the essential safeguards against such influences foreseen in the Convention is the granting of appropriate conditions of service and career prospects to labour inspectors under Article 6. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate the conditions of service and career prospects of labour inspectors in comparison to those of comparable categories of public officers such as tax inspectors. It would also be grateful if the Government would provide a copy of the report on the application of Law No. 25 XVI of 22 February 2008 on the conduct of civil servants mentioned in the Government’s previous report, as well as a copy of the Deontological Code of Labour Inspectors.

Article 8. Eligibility of both men and women for appointment in the inspection staff. The Committee notes that the number of women inspectors increased from 14 to 19 out of 96 inspectors. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate whether the recruitment of additional women inspectors has had an impact on the inspection of sectors with a predominantly female workforce and whether the Government envisages a policy of promoting recruitment of women labour inspectors.

Articles 11 and 21. Means available for labour inspection officials. The Committee notes with interest the information provided by the Government on a project entitled “Strengthening the institutional capacity and logistics of labour inspection” which aims at providing to labour inspectors: automatic data processing and communication means; training on the operation of the equipment and computer systems; databases on the legal provisions enforced by the labour inspectorate, the enterprises, institutions and organizations under inspection and the number of persons employed therein, inspections performed, violations detected and sanctions applied, accidents at the workplace and the use of toxic substances; and assistance in piloting the databases module during a period of one year. The Committee trusts that the databases created in the framework of this project will certainly lead to improvements in the content of the annual labour inspection report which, in turn, can serve as a basis for evaluation of the results achieved and the related needs with a view to the progressive improvement of labour inspection activities, including through the allocation of resources. In this framework, the Committee draws the Government’s attention to the guidance provided in Paragraph 9 of the Labour Inspection Recommendation, 1947 (No. 81), and recalls the comments made above with regard to the notification of occupational diseases. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would keep the ILO informed of any progress made in the implementation of the project on “Strengthening the institutional capacity and logistics of labour inspection” and describe its impact on the functioning of the labour inspection system.

Article 12(1)(a) and (b). Right of free entry of inspectors. Timing of inspections. Noting once again that the Government’s report does not clarify whether regulations approved by Ordinance No. 1481 of 27 December 2001 have been repealed, the Committee is bound to repeat its previous request which read as follows:

The Committee notes that, although Act No. 140-XV of 10 May 2001 on labour inspection authorizes inspectors to enter workplaces “at any hour of the day or night” without informing the employer in advance (section 8), the scope of this right is actually restricted by the regulations implementing this Act, approved by Ordinance No. 1481 of 27 December 2001, to the period of “working hours” (paragraph 22). The Committee recalls that, according to Article 12(1) of the Convention, labour inspectors must be empowered to enter freely at any hour of the day or night any workplace liable to inspection (clause (a)) and to enter by day any premises which they may have reasonable cause to believe to be liable to inspection (clause (b)). In its General Survey of 2006 on labour inspection (paragraph 270), the Committee emphasized that the conditions for the exercise of the right of free entry to workplaces laid down by Conventions Nos 81 and 129 are intended to allow inspectors to carry out inspections, where necessary and possible, to enforce the application of legal provisions relating to conditions of work. It pointed out that the protection of workers and the technical requirements of inspection should be the primordial criteria for determining the appropriate timing of visits, for example to check for violations such as abusive night work conditions in a workplace officially operating during the daytime, or to carry out technical inspections requiring machinery or production processes to be stopped. Referring to Recommendation No. 133, Paragraph 9 of which provides that the activity of labour inspectors at night should be limited to those matters that cannot be effectively controlled during the day, the Committee considered that it should be for the inspector to decide whether or not a visit is reasonable, since inspections should only be carried out at night or outside working hours where this is warranted. The Committee therefore requests the Government to take steps to amend the legislation so as to bring it into line with the Convention with regard to the scope of inspectors’ right to enter freely at any hour of the day or night any workplace liable to inspection and to enter by day any other premises believed to be liable to inspection. It would be grateful if the Government would send information on these measures to the Office and supply copies of any relevant texts.

Articles 12(2) and 15(c). Notification to employers of the labour inspection visit. The Committee notes that, according to section 11 of the Labour Inspection Act of 10 May 2001, labour inspectors must inform the employer of their presence in the workplace before starting the inspection except where the inspection is carried out as a result of a written complaint. The Committee recalls that, according to Article 12(2), inspectors should abstain from notifying their presence to the employer or his representative in case they consider that such a notification may be prejudicial to the performance of their duties. Moreover, allowing inspectors to avoid notification only in case of a complaint is incompatible with Article 15(c), according to which, in order to respect the confidentiality of the source of the complaint, the labour inspector should give no intimation to the employer that a visit of inspection is made in consequence of a complaint. Noting that, according to the Government, measures will be taken to bring the legislation in line with the Convention, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged in order to ensure that the labour inspector is authorized to abstain from notifying his/her presence to the employer if he/she considers that such notification may impair the effectiveness of the control to be performed.

Article 18. Penalties for obstructing labour inspectors’ work. The Government indicates that section 349 of Administrative Code No. 218 provides for the imposition of a fine of between 100 and 2,000 lei, with or without the withdrawal of the right to carry out specific activities for a period of three months to one year, in the case of impeding in any way the legal activities of a civil servant when he/she is carrying out his/her official duties. While noting that, since the entry into force of this Code on 31 May 2009, no cases of obstruction have been recorded and investigated in relation to labour inspectors, the Committee recalls that the penalties for obstructing labour inspectors should be sufficiently dissuasive and effectively enforced and requests the Government to take all necessary measures for the revision of the penalties foreseen in case of obstruction so as to render them sufficiently dissuasive. The Committee draws the Government’s attention to the guidance provided in paragraphs 295–302 of the General Survey, op. cit., with regard to modalities for the review of penalty levels.

Article 20. Publication of the annual report. The Government indicates that, according to section 13 of Act No. 140-XV of 10 May 2001, the labour inspection service must publish an annual activity report in the Official Monitor of the Republic of Moldova six months after the end of the year in question. It adds that the labour inspection service submits the annual activity report to the CSRM and the National Confederation of Employers. The Committee emphasizes that, under Article 20, and Act No. 140-XV of 10 May 2001, the annual labour inspection report should also be published to make it available in the public domain and accessible to all stakeholders. The Committee therefore once again requests the Government to take all necessary steps aimed at giving full effect to the obligation of the labour inspection authority to publish the annual report of its activities.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2010, published 100th ILC session (2011)

Articles 3(1), 13 and 14 of the Convention. Labour inspection in the area of OSH. The Committee notes with interest the adoption of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 7 October 2009 (OSHA), which establishes an OSH strategy based on prevention and reinforces the role of the labour inspectorate in this regard. It also notes from the Government’s report the activities carried out by the labour inspectorate in this area in 2009, including mass media campaigns and training on OSH; according to the annual labour inspection report provided by the Government, as a result of the above activities, the number of serious and fatal accidents decreased by 13 and six cases, respectively, as compared to last year. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would continue to provide information on prevention and enforcement activities carried out by labour inspectors in the area of OSH along with an assessment of their impact.

Noting, moreover, that according to the Government the OSHA empowers labour inspectors, in case of imminent danger, to issue injunctions which should be approved by the State General Inspector, the Committee requests the Government to specify whether such injunctions have immediate effect.

The Committee finally takes note of the information provided by the Government on recorded occupational diseases and their origins in 2008 and 2009. It recalls that in previous reports the Government had indicated that the options for notifying cases of occupational disease to the labour inspectorate were being reviewed. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged for the notification of occupational diseases and would be grateful if the Government would continue to provide information on this issue.

The Committee is raising other points in a request addressed directly to the Government.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2009, published 99th ILC session (2010)

The Committee notes the Government’s 2008 report containing detailed information on the work of the labour inspection services. It also notes that the labour inspectorate activities focused on the implementation of the European Union – Republic of Moldova Plan 2005–08 and the National Development Strategy for 2008–11. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide particulars concerning the following points.

Article 3, paragraph 1, and Article 21, of the Convention. Improvement of labour inspection activities. The Committee notes with interest that the activities of the labour inspection services seem to have improved to a large extent in 2008: 7,739 inspection visits were made to enterprises compared to 6,362 visits made in 2007; 69,366 cases of breaches of the legislation were recorded compared to 63,728 cases recorded in 2007; and 2,820 complaints were examined compared to 2,365 in 2007. The Committee requests the Government to ensure that the annual reports will include more detailed information on the activities of the labour inspection services, taking into account the guidance provided in Paragraph 9 of Recommendation No. 81.

Article 5(a). Cooperation between the inspection services and other government services and public or private institutions engaged in similar activities. Labour inspection and child labour. The Committee notes with interest that, during 2008, the labour inspectorate contributed in the preparation and adoption of: (i) the Occupational Safety and Health Act; (ii) the resolution on procedures for the organization of activities to protect workers in the workplace and eliminate occupational risks; and (iii) model rules of procedure for the organization and functioning of occupational safety and health committees. The labour inspectorate also participated in 28 working meetings with the heads of local authorities of primary and secondary levels, where various aspects of labour relations were discussed and the most effective ways of ensuring application of the labour legislation and occupational safety and health standards were examined.

Besides, joint actions of a specific character, including checks, were carried out by the labour inspectorate and representatives of other organizations with control functions. Thus, based on Government Directive No. 1216-332 of 1 August 2008, inspections of enterprises operating in the entertainment and nightclub industry have been carried out together with the officials from the police. Such inspections included, in particular, aspects of labour by workers under 18 years of age which were set as one of the tasks of inspection under Order No. 136 of 13 June 2008 of the General Labour Inspector and the aforementioned Directive. Thus, at the time of inspections, 300 children were working in enterprises and various violations of the law have been recorded, concerning contracts of employment, medical examination, working time, rest and wages and night work and work on free days and holidays. As a result of such inspections, notices within the prescribed time limits were issued and the removal of children from works with heavy and harmful conditions was ordered. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would continue providing information on such inspection actions and on their impact on promoting observance of the labour legislation related to child labour. In addition, the Committee once again requests the Government to describe measures undertaken on the basis of Order No. 105 of 30 May 2007 of the General Labour Inspector related to the inspection of child labour and to send a copy of the abovementioned Order.

Articles 6 and 15. Obligations of labour inspectors arising from their status. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide, according to the commitment made in its report, a copy of the report on the application of Law No. 25‑XVI of 22 February 2008 on the conduct of civil servants.

Article 8. Eligibility of both men and women for appointment in the inspection staff. According to the Government, the number of staff and the organizational structure of the labour inspectorate did not undergo any changes and, out of 95 inspectors, 14 were women. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate whether it envisaged taking measures to promote recruitment of women as labour inspectors, for example, to deal with specific issues pertaining to women and young workers.

Article 11. Means available for labour inspection officials. According to the Government, specific measures have been taken to better equip labour inspectorates with landline telephones, facsimile machines, computer equipment to automatically process data and motor vehicles which are available to all territorial labour inspectorates. Furthermore, it indicates that steps are being taken to ensure availability of computer equipment and software to labour inspectorates. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would keep the ILO informed of any developments in this regard. Moreover, referring to its previous direct request, the Committee would be grateful if the Government would clarify whether the new computerized data management system for labour inspection has already been established as indicated in the Government’s report of 2007.

Article 12, paragraph 1(a) and (b). Inspectors’ freedom of access to workplaces. Timing of inspections. Noting that the Government did not clarify whether regulations approved by Ordinance No. 1481 of 27 December 2001 have been repealed, the Committee is bound to repeat its previous request which read as follows:

The Committee notes that, although Act No. 140-XV of 10 May 2001 on labour inspection authorizes inspectors to enter workplaces “at any hour of the day or night” without informing the employer in advance (section 8), the scope of this right is actually restricted by the regulations implementing this Act, approved by Ordinance No. 1481 of 27 December 2001, to the period of “working hours” (paragraph 22). The Committee recalls that, according to Article 12(1) of the Convention, labour inspectors must be empowered to enter freely at any hour of the day or night any workplace liable to inspection (clause (a)) and to enter by day any premises which they may have reasonable cause to believe to be liable to inspection (clause (b)). In its General Survey of 2006 on labour inspection (paragraph 270), the Committee emphasized that the conditions for the exercise of the right of free entry to workplaces laid down by Conventions Nos 81 and 129 are intended to allow inspectors to carry out inspections, where necessary and possible, to enforce the application of legal provisions relating to conditions of work. It pointed out that the protection of workers and the technical requirements of inspection should be the primordial criteria for determining the appropriate timing of visits, for example to check for violations such as abusive night work conditions in a workplace officially operating during the daytime, or to carry out technical inspections requiring machinery or production processes to be stopped. Referring to Recommendation No. 133, Paragraph 9 of which provides that the activity of labour inspectors at night should be limited to those matters that cannot be effectively controlled during the day, the Committee considered that it should be for the inspector to decide whether or not a visit is reasonable, since inspections should only be carried out at night or outside working hours where this is warranted. The Committee therefore requests the Government to take steps to amend the legislation so as to bring it into line with the Convention with regard to the scope of inspectors’ right to enter freely at any hour of the day or night any workplace liable to inspection and to enter by day any other premises believed to be liable to inspection. It would be grateful if the Government would send information on these measures to the Office and supply copies of any relevant texts.

Articles 14 and 21. Notification of industrial accidents and cases of occupational disease. Content of the annual report. Noting the indications by the Government that the options for informing the labour inspectorate of cases of occupational disease are currently being reviewed, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or envisaged in this regard and keep the ILO duly informed of the progress made.

Article 18. Penalties for obstructing labour inspectors’ work. According to the Government, article 394 of Administrative Code No. 218, adopted on 24 October 2008, provides for the imposition of a fine of between 1,000 and 10,000 Moldovan leu, with or without the withdrawal of the right to carry out specific activities for a period of three months to one year, in the case of impeding in any way the legal activities of a civil servant when he/she is carrying out his/her official duties. The Government indicates that the aforementioned Code came into force on 31 May 2009 and that a report on the application of article 394 of the Code will subsequently be provided. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide a copy of the aforementioned Administrative Code and information and examples of the practical application of article 394 of the Code.

Article 20. Publication of the annual report. The Committee once again asks the Government to indicate the manner in which the annual report on the work of the labour inspectorate is published or disseminated, so that it is accessible, in particular, to the social partners and the public and private bodies concerned, and the manner in which any comments on the working of the inspection system can be obtained from them with a view to improving it. If the annual report is not published, the Government is asked to take steps aimed at giving full effect to the provisions of the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2008, published 98th ILC session (2009)

The Committee notes the Government’s report for the 2006–07 period, the legislative texts attached and also the information and detailed statistics contained in the annual reports on the work of the labour inspection services for 2006 and 2007.

Articles 3, paragraph 2, 5(b) and 18 of the Convention. Technical information and advice on labour legislation. Collaboration between officials of the labour inspectorate and employers, workers or their organizations. Penalties for obstructing labour inspectors. The Government indicates in its report that measures providing in particular for consultations with the social partners to examine the most effective means of implementing labour legislation have been adopted. However, the annual reports for 2006 and 2007 show that, despite training activities and advice in the area of labour relations given to employers during the reporting period, the latter, in particular in small enterprises, continue to lack knowledge of labour law. The 2006 report indicates also that labour inspectors are confronted with aggressive reactions from employers, and this makes their job particularly difficult. The Committee requests the Government to indicate the measures taken or contemplated to step up training and advisory activities for employers, workers and their organizations with a view to ensuring enforcement of the legislation relating to conditions of work and the protection of workers, and also a better understanding of the role of labour inspectors. The Government is also requested to supply information on the legal action taken, where appropriate, to follow up reported cases of obstruction, particularly under the provisions of the Code of Administrative Offences, which provide for fines ranging from 100 Moldovan lei (MDL) to MDL6,000 for any person who attempts to obstruct labour inspectors in the performance of their duties.

Articles 6 and 15. Obligations of labour inspectors arising from their status. The Committee notes with interest the adoption on 22 February 2008 of the Act concerning the code of conduct of public servants, which reinforces the obligations of impartiality, professional secrecy and confidentiality regarding complaints and reports already established by the Labour Inspection Regulations (paragraph 24) as approved by Ordinance No. 1481 of 27 December 2001. The Act of 2008, which will come into force on 1 January 2009, lays down the ethical principles to which public servants are subject – namely, observance of the law, impartiality, independence, professionalism and integrity – and also the standards of conduct to follow particularly with regard to access to information, use of public resources, gifts and favours, and conflicts of interest. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide information and also any available texts on the implementation of this Act with regard to labour inspectors. It requests the Government to provide detailed information on the practical measures taken to disseminate these rules of conduct to labour inspection officials and to ensure observance thereof.

Article 11. Labour inspection means of action. Reinforcement of computer resources for the collection and processing of data relating to labour inspection activities. The Committee duly notes the information supplied by the Government in reply to its previous comments, to the effect that measures have been taken to equip regional labour inspection offices with telephones, fax machines, computers and transport facilities. It also notes that procedures are under way to obtain the necessary funds for the purchase of new computer equipment. In the report communicated in 2007 on the application of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182), the Government also refers to steps taken to obtain funds from the European Union in order to establish a new computerized data management system for labour inspection. The Committee requests the Government to keep the Office informed of progress made on this project and supply information on the logistical resources made available to labour inspectors to ensure the effective discharge of their duties and to facilitate the collection and processing of data to be included, in accordance with Article 21 of the Convention, in the annual report on the work of the labour inspectorate.

Article 12, paragraph 1(a) and (b). Inspectors’ freedom of access to workplaces. Timing of inspections. The Committee notes that, although Act No. 140-XV of 10 May 2001 on labour inspection authorizes inspectors to enter workplaces “at any hour of the day or night” without informing the employer in advance (section 8), the scope of this right is actually restricted by the regulations implementing this Act, approved by Ordinance No. 1481 of 27 December 2001, to the period of “working hours” (paragraph 22). The Committee recalls that, according to Article 12, paragraph 1, of the Convention, labour inspectors must be empowered to enter freely at any hour of the day or night any workplace liable to inspection (clause (a)) and to enter by day any premises which they may have reasonable cause to believe to be liable to inspection (clause (b)). In its General Survey of 2006 on labour inspection (paragraph 270), the Committee emphasized that the conditions for the exercise of the right of free entry to workplaces laid down by Conventions Nos 81 and 129 are intended to allow inspectors to carry out inspections, where necessary and possible, to enforce the application of legal provisions relating to conditions of work. It pointed out that the protection of workers and the technical requirements of inspection should be the primordial criteria for determining the appropriate timing of visits, for example to check for violations such as abusive night work conditions in a workplace officially operating during the daytime, or to carry out technical inspections requiring machinery or production processes to be stopped. Referring to Recommendation No. 133, Paragraph 9 of which provides that the activity of labour inspectors at night should be limited to those matters that cannot be effectively controlled during the day, the Committee considered that it should be for the inspector to decide whether or not a visit is reasonable, since inspections should only be carried out at night or outside working hours where this is warranted. The Committee therefore requests the Government to take steps to amend the legislation so as to bring it into line with the Convention with regard to the scope of inspectors’ right to enter freely at any hour of the day or night any workplace liable to inspection and to enter by day any other premises believed to be liable to inspection. It would be grateful if the Government would send information on these measures to the Office and supply copies of any relevant texts.

Articles 14 and 21. Notification of industrial accidents and cases of occupational disease. Content of the annual report. The Committee notes that the Labour Code provides that the employer is required to notify industrial accidents and cases of occupational disease (section 225(u)), according to the procedures established by the Government (section 243(3)). Under the terms of Government Decision No. 1361 of 22 December 2005, industrial accidents shall be reported immediately by the employer to the labour inspectorate (section 9), which shall undertake an investigation in the case of a serious or fatal accident (section 14). As regards cases of occupational disease, although Order No. 257 of 8 November 1993 provides that the Ministry of Health must be notified, there do not appear to be any mechanisms for informing the labour inspectorate, the 2006 and 2007 annual reports on the work of the labour inspectorate containing no data on the subject. Recalling that, according to Article 14 of the Convention, the labour inspectorate must be notified of cases of occupational disease, the Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to give full effect to this provision and to ensure that statistics on occupational diseases are included in the next annual report of the labour inspectorate (Article 21).

Article 20. Publication of the annual report. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate the manner in which the annual report on the work of the labour inspectorate is published or disseminated, so that it is accessible to in particular the social partners and the public and private bodies concerned and any comments from them on the working of the inspection system with a view to improving it can be obtained.

Labour inspection and child labour. The Committee notes with interest the Government’s indication that measures have been adopted, on the basis of Order No. 105 of 30 May 2007 adopted by the General Labour Inspector, to promote observance of the legislation relating to young persons under 18 years of age. The Committee requests the Government to describe these measures in its next report and send a copy of the abovementioned Order.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2006, published 96th ILC session (2007)

Referring also to its observation, the Committee notes that, pursuant to section XIII of the Labour Code, supervision of the application of labour legislation is a responsibility shared among several State bodies and the trade unions. According to section 375 of the Code and the Government’s indications in its replies to the question raised by the General Confederation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Moldova on this issue, the labour inspectorate collaborates with other bodies, institutions and organizations exercising similar activities, as well as with organizations of employers and the trade unions by virtue of agreements between the parties. The Committee requests the Government to supplement this information by indicating precisely how in practice supervision of the legal provisions relating to labour conditions and protection of workers is carried out in establishments liable to inspection. The Government is requested to indicate precisely in what way the prerogatives of investigation and the powers of instituting legal proceedings against offenders are exercised in practice (Articles 12, 13 and 17 of the Convention) and to indicate whether measures are taken to ensure compliance by all the persons responsible for carrying out inspections with the obligations of impartiality, occupational discretion and confidentiality (Article 15) which are inherent in the inspection function.

The Committee requests the Government to supplement this information by indicating whether the operation of the various organs and authorities responsible for labour inspection is placed under the supervision and control of a single central authority, as advocated in Article 4 of the Convention.

Noting the annual inspection report for 2005, the Committee requests the Government to ensure that such reports are in accordance with the form and content determined in Articles 20 and 21 of the Convention, and are published.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2006, published 96th ILC session (2007)

The Committee notes the Government’s report. In its previous comments, the Committee noted the observations made on 30 January 2004 by the General Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Moldova (CSRM) on the subject of the Government’s previous report on the application of the Convention and on the information provided in reply by the Government. The Committee also noted the adoption of a new Labour Code dated 28 March 2003 and a new Penal Code dated 18 April 2002 and it had requested the Government to supply further information on the training of inspection staff and on material resources, equipment, transport and reimbursement of expenses for occupational costs, as well as a copy of the relevant texts and documents to enable it to make an assessment of the situation of law and practice in regard to the Convention.

The Committee notes that relevant information is provided in the annual inspection report, received by the Office in July 2006.

1. Part I of the report form. Provision of the legislation and regulations giving effect to the Convention. While noting with interest the introduction in the new Labour Code of a large number of provisions in conformity with the spirit and the letter of the Convention in regard to the functions and operation of the State labour inspectorate, the powers, prerogatives and obligations of inspectors, and the obligations of employers, the Committee notes that the Government has not provided the legislative texts and agreements that it indicated were attached to the report. It therefore once again requests the Government to send to the Office, as soon as possible, the following texts:

–      Public Service Act No. 443-XIII of 4 May 1995, Order No. 1481 of 27 December 2001 regulating labour inspection;

–      Order No. 1736 of 31 December 2002;

–      Ministry of Health Instruction No. 257 of 8 November 1993;

–      the Code of Administrative Offences;

–      Order No. 836 of 24 July 2002 respecting reimbursement to inspectors of service-incurred expenses; as well as

–      texts of the cooperation agreements concluded between the labour inspectorate and the Confederation of Free Trade Unions of the Republic of Moldova “Solidarity”, the CSRM and the National Confederation of Employers of the Republic of Moldova.

2. Articles 7, 10 and 11 of the Convention. Training of labour inspectors and resources of the inspection services. The annual inspection report for 2005 shows that labour inspectors have benefited from various training courses, for example on occupational safety and health in the context of a national programme for the prevention of injury from electrocution. The programme is financed by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, with the support of a Canadian hydroelectric company. Exchanges of experience have also been organized with the Belgian and Romanian labour inspectorates. The Committee notes this information with interest. However, with regard to the resources of the labour inspectorate, it notes that the number of inspectors is not sufficient to cover the need for inspection in all the fields of legislation for which they are responsible and the material resources available to them are inadequate. Moreover, the discharge of their inspection functions is hindered by the obstruction of certain employers, which could serve to perpetuate the phenomenon of illegal work. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide information on any measures envisaged or implemented to remedy the shortcomings indicated in the annual report, and any relevant text.

In addition, the Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply, in compliance with article 23, paragraph 2, of the ILO Constitution, its 2004 report in response to the comments of the CSRM to the latter organization, as well as to the other most representative organizations of employers and workers.

The Committee is addressing a request on other matters directly to the Government.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2004, published 93rd ILC session (2005)

The Committee notes the comments by the General Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Moldova (CSRM) on the application of the Convention, communicated to the ILO by letter of 30 January 2004 and transmitted by the ILO to the Government on 25 February 2004. It also notes the Government’s observations concerning the points raised by the CSRM, received at the Office on 7 June 2004. The Committee will examine all of the above at its next relevant session, together with the Government’s next report and the additional information requested in the direct request of 2003 in the following terms.

The Committee notes the Government’s report, the information replying in part to its previous comments and the documents attached to the report. It also takes note of the new Labour Code, adopted on 28 March 2003, and the Penal Code, adopted on 18 April 2000.

The Committee requests the Government to provide a copy of Public Service Act No. 443-XIII of 4 May 1995, Order No. 1481 of 27 December 2001 regulating labour inspection, Order No. 1736 of 31 December 2002, Instruction No. 257 of 8 November 1993 of the Ministry of Health, the Code of Administrative Offences and Order No. 836 of 24 July 2002 respecting the reimbursement to inspectors of service-incurred expenses.

Article 5(b). The Committee requests the Government to provide copies of the texts of the cooperative agreements referred to in the report which were concluded between the labour inspectorate and the Confederation of Free Trade Unions of the Republic of Moldova "Solidarity", the General Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Moldova and the National Confederation of Employers of the Republic of Moldova.

Article 7, paragraph 3. The Committee once again requests the Government to provide detailed information on the content of the continuing training programmes approved by the general labour inspectorate, and on the frequency of seminars and courses organized for labour inspectors as well as the number of inspectors who participated in such training.

Articles 11 and 12, paragraph 1(c)(iv). With reference to its previous comments and the information sent by the Government in an earlier report, the Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate the measures taken to ensure that labour inspectors are provided with the necessary supplies and office equipment for the discharge of their duties as well as tools for taking samples for purposes of analysis of materials and substances used or handled in workplaces.

It would be grateful if the Government would also provide detailed information on the transport facilities at the disposal of the inspection services for their professional travel needs.

Article 17, paragraph 1. The Committee requests the Government to take measures to ensure that effect is given to each provision of this Article which establishes that persons who violate or neglect to observe legal provisions enforceable by labour inspectors shall be liable to prompt legal proceedings without previous warning (paragraph 1) and that it shall be left to the discretion of labour inspectors to give warning and advice instead of instituting or recommending proceedings (paragraph 2).

Article 21. The Committee requests the Government to provide the ILO with a copy of the annual inspection report which, according to the Government, was published on 27 June 2003.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2003, published 92nd ILC session (2004)

The Committee notes the Government’s report, the information replying in part to its previous comments and the documents attached to the report. It also takes note of the new Labour Code, adopted on 28 March 2003, and the Penal Code, adopted on 18 April 2000.

The Committee requests the Government to provide a copy of Public Service Act No. 443-XIII of 4 May 1995, Order No. 1481 of 27 December 2001 regulating labour inspection, Order No. 1736 of 31 December 2002, Instruction No. 257 of 8 November 1993 of the Ministry of Health, the Code of Administrative Offences and Order No. 836 of 24 July 2002 respecting the reimbursement to inspectors of service-incurred expenses.

Article 5(b). The Committee requests the Government to provide copies of the texts of the cooperative agreements referred to in the report which were concluded between the labour inspectorate and the Confederation of Free Trade Unions of the Republic of Moldova "Solidarity", the General Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Moldova and the National Confederation of Employers of the Republic of Moldova.

Article 7, paragraph 3. The Committee once again requests the Government to provide detailed information on the content of the continuing training programmes approved by the general labour inspectorate, and on the frequency of seminars and courses organized for labour inspectors as well as the number of inspectors who participated in such training.

Articles 11 and 12, paragraph 1(c)(vi). With reference to its previous comments and the information sent by the Government in an earlier report, the Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate the measures taken to ensure that labour inspectors are provided with the necessary supplies and office equipment for the discharge of their duties as well as tools for taking samples for purposes of analysis of materials and substances used or handled in workplaces.

It would be grateful if the Government would also provide detailed information on the transport facilities at the disposal of the inspection services for their professional travel needs.

Article 17, paragraph 1. The Committee requests the Government to take measures to ensure that effect is given to each provision of this Article which establishes that persons who violate or neglect to observe legal provisions enforceable by labour inspectors shall be liable to prompt legal proceedings without previous warning (paragraph 1) and that it shall be left to the discretion of labour inspectors to give warning and advice instead of instituting or recommending proceedings (paragraph 2).

Article 21. The Committee requests the Government to provide the ILO with a copy of the annual inspection report which, according to the Government, was published on 27 June 2003.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2002, published 91st ILC session (2003)

The Committee notes the Government’s report and the inspection report for 2001, as well as the additional information provided in the report on the application of Convention No. 129. The Committee also notes the adoption on 10 May 2001 of Act No. 140/XV on labour inspection, which entered into force on 1 January 2002, and the new Regulations on labour inspection, approved by Order No. 1481 of 27 December 2001. The Committee requests the Government to provide a copy of the above Regulations and of each of the texts requested in its previous comments, with the exception of Order No. 890 of 5 December 1994 and Resolution No. 380 of 23 April 1997, which have already been received.

Article 5(a) of the Convention. The Government is requested to provide a copy of Order No. 1081 of 25 October 2000 on the supervision of economic units.

Article 5(b). Noting with interest the information on the existence of collaboration between the inspection services and the representative organizations of workers in investigation procedures relating to employment accidents, and also referring to the information provided by the Government in its report on Convention No. 129, the Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide a copy of the cooperation agreement concluded between the labour inspectorate and the Confederation of Free Trade Unions of the Republic of Moldova "Solidarity" and if it would indicate whether arrangements for collaboration with the representative organizations of employers are also envisaged.

Article 7, paragraph 3. Please indicate whether provision is made for labour inspectors to benefit, during their employment, from adequate training for the performance of their duties. If not, the Committee trusts that measures will be adopted for this purpose and that the relevant information will be provided to the ILO.

Articles 11, paragraph 1(a) and (b), and 12, paragraphs 1(c)(iv) and 2. Noting from the report on Convention No. 129 that it is planned to allocate the necessary resources to the labour inspectorate to purchase 15 automobiles and office equipment, the Committee requests the Government to indicate whether branch offices will also benefit from this improvement in the facilities available and whether it is planned to provide inspection services with instruments for taking samples for the purposes of analysis of materials and substances used in workplaces liable to inspection.

The Government is also requested to provide a copy of any text relating to the reimbursement of any travelling and incidental expenses which may be incurred by labour inspectors in the performance of their duties.

Article 12, paragraph 1(c)(iii). The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures to give effect to this provision and to keep the ILO informed.

Article 12, paragraph 2. The Committee notes that, contrary to the requirements of this provision, labour inspectors are not required to notify the employer or his representative of their presence on the occasion of an inspection visit and that they decide at their discretion whether to do so or not. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would take the necessary measures to bring the law and practice into conformity in this respect, so that labour inspectors only avail themselves of the right to refrain from notifying the employer or his representative of their presence in cases where they consider that such notification may be prejudicial to the effectiveness of the inspection.

Article 14. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate the manner in which it is ensured that the labour inspectorate is notified of cases of occupational diseases.

Article 17. The Committee requests the Government to provide the texts of the legal provisions by which, as indicated in its report, effect is given to this Article.

Article 18. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any text determining the manner of fixing and the amount of the penalties applicable to persons who obstruct labour inspectors in the performance of their duties, as well as any information available on the draft text revising the Code of Administrative Infringements.

Articles 20 and 21. Noting the information provided in the annual inspection report for 2001 on the matters set out in points (a), (b), (d), (e), (f) and (g) of Article 21, the Committee hopes that future annual inspection reports will also include, as envisaged in point (c), statistics of workplaces liable to inspection and the number of workers employed therein.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1999, published 88th ILC session (2000)

The Committee notes the Government's first report (period ending 12 August 1998). The Committee also notes the comments made by the National Confederation of Employers of the Republic of Moldova (No. 08/03, dated 12 November 1998) and those of the Council of the General Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Moldova (No. 07/03523, dated 20 August 1998). It requests the Government to provide further information on the application of the following provisions of the Convention:

Article 3, paragraph 1(a). Please indicate whether the State Inspectorate for Labour Protection also supervises observance of the labour legislation.

Article 3, paragraph 1(c). Please indicate whether the functions of the State Inspectorate include bringing to the notice of the competent authority defects or abuses not specifically covered by existing legal provisions.

Article 5, paragraph (a). Please indicate the arrangements made by the competent authority to promote effective cooperation and the specific forms of such cooperation within the meaning of this provision.

Article 7, paragraph 2. Please provide details in respect of the means of ascertaining qualifications of state inspectors.

Article 8. The Committee asks the Government to indicate the percentage of women inspectors and of any special duties which might have been assigned to them.

Article 10. Please indicate the actual number of labour inspectors, their different categories, if any, including inspectors to whom special or technical functions may be assigned, and particulars of the geographical distribution of the inspection staff.

Article 11, paragraphs 1(a), (b) and 2. The Committee asks the Government to indicate specific arrangements made to give effect to these provisions of the Convention.

Article 12, paragraph 1(c)(i), (iii) and (iv). Please indicate whether state inspectors have the powers provided for in these provisions of the Convention and, if so, indicate the corresponding provisions in national legislation.

Article 12, paragraph 2. Please indicate whether state inspectors are required on the occasion of an inspection visit to notify the employer or his representative of their presence, unless they consider that such notification may be prejudicial to the performance of their duties and, if so, indicate the corresponding provisions in national legislation.

Article 13, paragraph 2(a). The Committee asks the Government to indicate whether state inspectors are authorized to make or to have made orders requiring such alterations to the installation or plant, to be carried out within a specified time limit, as may be necessary to secure compliance with the legal provisions relating to the health or safety of the workers and, if so, indicate the corresponding provisions in national legislation.

Article 13, paragraph 3. Please indicate whether the procedure set forth in this provision is applied and, if so, provide information on the modalities thereof.

Article 14. Please indicate the procedure for notifying the State Inspectorate for Labour Protection of occupational accidents and whether the State Inspectorate is also notified of cases of occupational disease.

Article 15, paragraph (b). The Committee asks the Government to indicate the penalties or disciplinary measures prescribed for revealing by labour inspectors (former labour inspectors) of manufacturing and commercial secrets or other information, which may have come to their knowledge in the course of their duties.

Article 16. Please indicate the measures taken to ensure adequate frequency and thoroughness of inspection visits.

Article 17, paragraph 1. Please indicate whether persons who violate or neglect to observe legal provisions enforceable by state inspectors for labour protection are liable to legal proceedings without previous warning and whether in certain cases previous notice to carry out remedial or preventive measures is to be given.

Article 17, paragraph 2. The Committee asks the Government to indicate whether state inspectors have the discretion to give warning and advice instead of instituting or recommending proceedings.

Article 18. Please indicate what penalties are provided for obstructing state inspectors in the performance of their duties.

Article 20, paragraph 2. The Committee asks the Government to indicate the date of publication of the annual general report.

Article 27. Please indicate whether arbitration awards and collective agreements upon which the force of law is conferred are enforceable by labour inspectors.

Part III of the report form. Please provide information in respect of the working of inspection.

The Committee also asks the Government to provide copies of the following documents:

-- the most recent annual general report published by the State Inspectorate for Labour Protection;

-- the most recent version of the Code of the Republic of Moldova on administrative offences;

-- the most recent version of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova;

-- Law No. 443-XIII of 4 May 1995 on the public service;

-- Resolution No. 286 of 24 May 1993 on the unified conditions of remuneration of labour of employees of budgetary institutions on the basis of the unified scale of wage rates;

-- Resolution No. 154 of 22 April 1994 on the approval of the procedure of formation and utilization of special funds of labour protection of economic units, ministries, departments, other bodies of state administration, pri-mayor's offices of cities and regional executive committees;

-- Resolution No. 890 of 5 December 1994 on the organization of education in the area of labour protection;

-- Resolution No. 835 of 20 December 1995 (as amended) on streamlining of the use of official cars in the bodies of public administration;

-- Resolution No. 380 of 23 April 1997 on the approval of regulations on the procedure for investigation of accidents in the industry;

-- Resolution No. 780 of 13 August 1998 on the State Inspectorate for Labour Protection, attached to the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family;

-- Order No. 341-p of the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family of 30 December 1998 concerning the structure of the State Inspectorate for Labour Protection.