Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2020, published 109th ILC session (2021)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2019, published 109th ILC session (2021)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2017, published 107th ILC session (2018)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2014, published 104th ILC session (2015)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2013, published 103rd ILC session (2014)

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2011, published 101st ILC session (2012)

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2009, published 99th ILC session (2010)

Implementation of an active employment policy. The Committee notes the information provided by the Government in its report received in November 2008, including information in reply to the Committee’s previous comments. The Government indicates that it has been implementing the National Programme on Employment Promotion, the National Programme on Improving Occupational Safety and Health Environment, and the National Programme on Supporting Living Standards of Households, which lead to the creation of 81,172 new jobs in 2007. The Government indicates that the overall unemployment rate was 3 per cent in 2007, of which 56.2 per cent were female. The number of registered unemployed jobseekers stood at 30,800. The Committee notes that the Government declared 2007 as the “Year of Job Creation”, whereby a set of activities and measures were developed to promote efforts towards job creation, to improve employment conditions through the distribution of labour market information to all citizens, to reduce poverty, to develop effective and efficient employment services in rural areas, and to revise the legal environment for employment promotion. The Committee also notes that the Mongolian National Development Policy Paper, as approved by Parliament in 2008, provides for a policy directed at implementing the Millennium Development Goals. The Government indicates that the National Development Policy will be implemented within the context of the mid- and short-term development programmes and action plans, the Government Action Plan and other programmes. The Committee asks the Government to provide information in its next report on the results of the implementation of the aforementioned national programmes and the National Development Policy Paper, with particular regard to employment generation. It also hopes that the information provided in the next report on active employment policy measures implemented by the Government will enable the Committee to examine the means by which economic growth translates into better labour market outcomes and poverty reduction (Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention).

Vocational training and education. The Committee notes that the Government is making revisions to the system of vocational training and education so as to provide for greater participation of the private sector and social partners in all stages of activities, such as the definition of vocational training requirements, the formulation of a training policy, the development of training standards and the contents thereof, the organization of trainings, testing of the level and quality of vocations, and to provide training participants with jobs. To this end, the following reforms were envisaged: (i) the development of a legal framework on vocational education and training and for its implementation; (ii) increased finances from the state budget for vocational education and training; (iii) the formulation of standards for vocational training of the population; (iv) development of school buildings; (v) training and retention of foreign teachers; and (vi) the development of a methodological system of management for vocational education. The Committee understands that the Law on Technical and Vocational Training was adopted in February 2009 and that the Government established a 16‑member national authority for vocational education and training which will be responsible for working with employers to determine the demand for vocational training and technical education among their employees and consult on issues concerning vocational education, training and employment. The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information in its next report on the policies and measures being implemented to improve skills levels and coordinate education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities. The Government is also invited to supply information on the results of the implementation of the Law adopted in February 2009 and on the activities of the National Authority for Vocational Education and Training.

Employment services. The Government indicates that, as a result of the Social Security Sector Strategy Paper adopted in 2003, the Employment Promotion Law was revised in 2006 so as to provide for State employment services targeted at vulnerable categories of workers, employees in the informal sector and herders, increased types of State employment services, and revised revenues and expenditures of the Employment Promotion Fund. The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the activities of the employment services, and how they contribute towards implementing active labour market policies.

Youth employment. The Committee notes that youth unemployment is higher than that compared with other age groups. The unemployment rate of young persons aged 15–17 was 18 per cent, and that of persons aged 20–24 was 21.2 per cent. The Government indicates that the draft National Plan on Youth Employment for 2008–15 was formulated with a view to promoting school-to-work transition and to support the employment of young persons. In this context, micro-credit programmes for the promotion of student employment were being carried out in connection with XAC bank. In 2007, the Employment Promotion Fund disbursed 200 million tugrigs as micro-credit for employment promotion, which enabled the provision of job opportunities to graduates. The Committee invites the Government to continue to provide information on the measures taken to implement the National Plan on Youth Employment, and to report on the effect such measures have had on increasing the access of young people to sustainable employment.

Persons with disabilities. The Committee further notes that, as part of its efforts to implement the objectives of the National Programme on Support for Disabled Persons, the Government has been working to provide guidance to organizations so as to encourage the employment of persons with disabilities. The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide information on the results of the implementation of the National Programme on Support for Disabled Persons in addressing the employment needs of persons with disabilities.

Herders. Further to the Policy on Support for Herders in Entrepreneurship, a programme was formulated and approved to encourage herders to become entrepreneurs, and to share herding practices and experiences with young herders. The programme also sought to support herders to run their enterprises effectively and to deliver appropriate employment services and measures for them. The Government is invited to continue to provide information on the measures taken to address the particular needs of herders.

Workers in the informal economy. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that it has defined policies on informal economy employment, which is one of the challenges facing the labour market. Further to the National Policy on Informal Employment, measures were taken to coordinate the State’s approach to workers in the informal economy, to provide them with information on the laws on employment and social security, to enable such workers to participate in social and health insurance, to organize training courses to provide workers in the informal economy with knowledge of labour relations, occupational safety and health, social welfare. The Government indicates that, in order to formalize records and develop information services for informal workers, the Aimag and the labour and social welfare service agencies carried out a survey on informal workers in 2007. As a result of this survey, 80,000 people were registered and given an identity card. The Committee welcomes such approach to address the needs of workers in the informal economy. The Committee invites the Government to include information in its next report on the implementation of measures to enable the progressive transfer of workers from the informal economy to the formal economy, and any measures to promote complementary relationships between the formal and informal economy and to provide greater access of undertakings in the informal sector to resources, product markets, credit, infrastructure, training facilities, technical expertise and improved technologies (Part V of the Employment Policy (Supplementary Provisions) Recommendation, 1984 (No. 169)).

Migrant workers seeking employment abroad. The Government indicates that amendments were introduced to the law on sending workers abroad and receiving workers and professionals from abroad, which are pending parliamentary approval. The proposed amendments provide for the development of a registration system for compiling information about workers sent abroad, and those foreign workers and professionals working in Mongolia. The amendments also seek to address the duties, responsibilities and requirements incumbent on mediation organizations, revises the procedure for giving special licences, refines the monitoring scheme, and improves state services for mediation organizations. The Committee further notes that steps are being taken to develop a legislative initiative on migrant workers, with the assistance of the Office. The Committee invites the Government to include information in its next report on the implementation of the aforementioned amendments to the law on sending workers abroad and receiving workers and professionals from abroad, including measures taken within the framework of an active employment policy to prevent abuse in the recruitment of migrant workers (Part X of the Employment Policy (Supplementary Provisions) Recommendation, 1984 (No. 169)).

Consultation with the persons affected. The Committee notes that the Tripartite National Committee on Labour and Social Dialogue was established to influence the formulation and implementation of State social policy on labour issues, to develop a tripartite social dialogue system, to monitor the implementation of the Tripartite Labour and Social Dialogue Agreement and to discuss economic and social issues. The Government also indicates that a National Council of Employment was established as a supernumerary organization of representatives from governmental organizations, which represent the rights and legal interests of the Government, employers and workers. The National Council of Employment is tasked with discussing issues relating to employment and unemployment, unemployment insurance and related issues of economic and social policy at the national level. It is intended to influence the formulation and implementation of State policy on unemployment insurance, to monitor budgets of revenues and expenditures of the Employment Promotion Fund, to develop conclusions and recommendations on employment issues, and to submit relevant matters to the competent authority for decision. The Committee asks the Government to report on the activities of the Tripartite National Committee on Labour and Social Dialogue and the National Council of Employment in respect of employment policies and the steps taken to ensure that the views of representatives of social partners (including representatives of the rural sector and the informal economy) are fully taken into account for the purposes of formulating and enlisting support for employment policies.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2007, published 97th ILC session (2008)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its 2006 direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee notes the information provided in the Government’s report received in July 2005 which refers to activities promoted and implemented through 1999 and 2000. The ILO Subregional Office in Bangkok has also brought to the Committee’s attention additional information concerning the application of the Convention. The Committee hopes that the Government will provide, in its next report, comprehensive and updated information on its active employment policies for examination by the Committee at its next session regarding the following points.

2. Implementation of an active employment policy. The Committee understands that within the framework of the employment support policy and after the approval of the Employment Promotion Law in 2001 and the National Employment Promotion Programme in 2002, the Government launched in 2005 a National Plan of Action on Decent Work. The Committee notes from the information provided by the Government that other programmes have been initiated, i.e. the National Programme on Unemployment Reduction (1996–2010), the National Programme on the Promotion of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, the Programme for the Promotion of Cooperatives, the National Programme for Technical and Vocational Education, the Green Revolution, the Provision of Livestock to the Rural Population, the National Action Programme to Improve Living Standards for Women, the Sustainable Development of Mongolia – 21st Century Programme. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on how these programmes and other employment policy measures have been implemented and how successful they have been in promoting productive employment in relation to the objectives of poverty reduction strategies.

3. The Committee notes the Government’s concern over the fact that despite the clear objectives defined in the employment policy, there has been no substantial improvement in unemployment due to the weak capacity of the economy and its adverse impact on job creation and national industrial development. The Government further reports that the public employment services have been the main part of employment promotion activities, but that the beneficiaries have been mostly from urban populations. It recognizes the difficulty involving the rural unemployed population in employment promotion activities. The Committee notes that the Central Employment Regulation Office (CERO) has again been reorganized as the Labour and Social Welfare Services Agency (LSWSA). The Committee understands that, in 2002, a Rural Development Strategy was drafted and that, in November 2005, a Technical Meeting on Promoting Employment Opportunities in Rural Mongolia was held in which an integrated strategy for local economic development and rural employment promotion was endorsed by public authorities and the social partners. The Committee requests the Government to provide information in its next report on the implementation of rural employment policies and programmes, and make available any information on other measures it has taken to promote employment and improve the quantity and quality of employment opportunities in rural areas, including data on how government programmes are helping in the aimags where the unemployment rate is higher. Please include information on measures aimed at addressing issues related to providing decent work and “good jobs” with adequate earnings in addition to finding productive employment opportunities for the unemployed and for the underemployed (Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention).

4. Collection and use of employment data. The Committee notes that, with the support of the European Union Technical Assistance to the Commonwealth of Independent States (TACIS), progress was made in developing labour market information systems. The Committee again asks the Government to provide full and detailed statistical data on the situation and trends of the active population, employment, unemployment and underemployment disaggregated by sector, age, sex and skill level, and to indicate how these data are being used to prioritize and formulate employment policies (Article 1, paragraph 2, and Article 2(a)).

5. Labour market and training policies. The Government indicates in its report that the percentage of unskilled people and youth among the unemployed shows the pressing need for more vocational training. The Committee understands that public and private training institutions are encountering difficulties in providing the level of skills training needed for employment. Please indicate what measures are being envisaged to ensure that the current disparity between the training provided by the existing training institutions and the actual workplace skill requirements is reduced, and that the skills acquired through such training meet the demands of the labour market.

6. Measures to promote productive employment for specific categories of workers. (a). Workers in the informal economy. The Committee notes that initiatives have been taken by the local authorities, with the assistance of the Office, to address the issue of the rapid growth of the informal economy. A National Conference on the Informal Economy was convened and drafted a strategy for the informal economy in Mongolia. The Committee asks the Government to provide information in its next report on the measures envisaged and implemented to address the increasing informal employment, including any promotional measures adopted to enable and empower vulnerable groups of the informal economy to participate in economic development.

(b). Migrant workers seeking employment abroad. The Committee notes that efforts have been made to improve labour migration policy and a law on sending workers abroad and employing foreign workers was passed in 2001. It asks the Government to provide information on the implementation of that law, including data on other steps taken within the framework of an active employment policy to prevent abuse in the recruitment of labour (see Part X of the Employment Policy (Supplementary Provisions) Recommendation, 1984 (No. 169)).

7. Consultation with the persons affected. The Committee requests the Government to provide detailed information in its next report on the tripartite consultations held on the formulation, implementation and monitoring of the current employment policies and outcomes, including the roles of the National Tripartite Committee on Social and Labour Consensus, and the National Tripartite Board set up under the Employment Promotion Law. The Committee also requests information on how the existing national social dialogue takes into account the promotion of the private sector as the driving force behind economic growth (Article 3).

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2006, published 96th ILC session (2007)

1. The Committee notes the information provided in the Government’s report received in July 2005 which refers to activities promoted and implemented through 1999 and 2000. The ILO Subregional Office in Bangkok has also brought to the Committee’s attention additional information concerning the application of the Convention. The Committee hopes that the Government will provide, in its next report, comprehensive and updated information on its active employment policies for examination by the Committee at its next session regarding the following points.

2. Implementation of an active employment policy. The Committee understands that within the framework of the employment support policy and after the approval of the Employment Promotion Law in 2001 and the National Employment Promotion Programme in 2002, the Government launched in 2005 a National Plan of Action on Decent Work. The Committee notes from the information provided by the Government that other programmes have been initiated, i.e. the National Programme on Unemployment Reduction (1996-2010), the National Programme on the Promotion of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, the Programme for the Promotion of Cooperatives, the National Programme for Technical and Vocational Education, the Green Revolution, the Provision of Livestock to the Rural Population, the National Action Programme to Improve Living Standards for Women, the Sustainable Development of Mongolia – 21st Century Programme. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on how these programmes and other employment policy measures have been implemented and how successful they have been in promoting productive employment in relation to the objectives of poverty reduction strategies.

3. The Committee notes the Government’s concern over the fact that despite the clear objectives defined in the employment policy, there has been no substantial improvement in unemployment due to the weak capacity of the economy and its adverse impact on job creation and national industrial development. The Government further reports that the public employment services have been the main part of employment promotion activities, but that the beneficiaries have been mostly from urban populations. It recognizes the difficulty involving the rural unemployed population in employment promotion activities. The Committee notes that the Central Employment Regulation Office (CERO) has again been reorganized as the Labour and Social Welfare Services Agency (LSWSA). The Committee understands that, in 2002, a Rural Development Strategy was drafted and that, in November 2005, a Technical Meeting on Promoting Employment Opportunities in Rural Mongolia was held in which an integrated strategy for local economic development and rural employment promotion was endorsed by public authorities and the social partners. The Committee requests the Government to provide information in its next report on the implementation of rural employment policies and programmes, and make available any information on other measures it has taken to promote employment and improve the quantity and quality of employment opportunities in rural areas, including data on how government programmes are helping in the aimags where the unemployment rate is higher. Please include information on measures aimed at addressing issues related to providing decent work and “good jobs” with adequate earnings in addition to finding productive employment opportunities for the unemployed and for the underemployed (Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention).

4. Collection and use of employment data. The Committee notes that, with the support of the European Union Technical Assistance to the Commonwealth of Independent States (TACIS), progress was made in developing labour market information systems. The Committee again asks the Government to provide full and detailed statistical data on the situation and trends of the active population, employment, unemployment and underemployment disaggregated by sector, age, sex and skill level, and to indicate how these data are being used to prioritize and formulate employment policies (Article 1, paragraph 2, and Article 2(a)).

5. Labour market and training policies. The Government indicates in its report that the percentage of unskilled people and youth among the unemployed shows the pressing need for more vocational training. The Committee understands that public and private training institutions are encountering difficulties in providing the level of skills training needed for employment. Please indicate what measures are being envisaged to ensure that the current disparity between the training provided by the existing training institutions and the actual workplace skill requirements is reduced, and that the skills acquired through such training meet the demands of the labour market.

6 Measures to promote productive employment for specific categories of workers. (a) Workers in the informal economy. The Committee notes that initiatives have been taken by the local authorities, with the assistance of the Office, to address the issue of the rapid growth of the informal economy. A National Conference on the Informal Economy was convened and drafted a strategy for the informal economy in Mongolia. The Committee asks the Government to provide information in its next report on the measures envisaged and implemented to address the increasing informal employment, including any promotional measures adopted to enable and empower vulnerable groups of the informal economy to participate in economic development.

(b) Migrant workers seeking employment abroad. The Committee notes that efforts have been made to improve labour migration policy and a law on sending workers abroad and employing foreign workers was passed in 2001. It asks the Government to provide information on the implementation of that law, including data on other steps taken within the framework of an active employment policy to prevent abuse in the recruitment of labour (see Part X of the Employment Policy (Supplementary Provisions) Recommendation, 1984 (No. 169)).

7. Consultation with the persons affected. The Committee requests the Government to provide detailed information in its next report on the tripartite consultations held on the formulation, implementation and monitoring of the current employment policies and outcomes, including the roles of the National Tripartite Committee on Social and Labour Consensus, and the National Tripartite Board set up under the Employment Promotion Law. The Committee also requests information on how the existing national social dialogue takes into account the promotion of the private sector as the driving force behind economic growth (Article 3).

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2004, published 93rd ILC session (2005)

The Committee notes the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its 2003 direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee observes that the Government of Mongolia in July 2003 adopted a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper entitled Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EGPRS) arguing that the main cause for poverty, malnutrition, deficiency of food and low income of the population is a high rate of unemployment. The Government reports that it intends to encourage an accelerated, socially fair and labour-intensive economic growth policy emphasizing the fields of the processing industry, household services for the population, infrastructure development, and environmental protection and restoration. Additionally, it will also seek to introduce efficient and fair provision of basic social services and targeted support for the poorest groups of the population. In this connection the Parliament of Mongolia has adopted laws on unemployment insurance, employment promotion, and exporting labour and importing labour and specialists to address the need of building an intensive policy for the labour market and an operational legal framework and economic environment. Since 2002 the Government has been implementing a National Programme for Employment Promotion. The Committee therefore requests that the Government states in its next report whether any particular difficulties have been encountered in achieving the employment objectives established in the EGPRS, as part of a coordinated economic and social policy, in consultation with representatives of those concerned, in accordance with Articles 1, 2 and 3 of the Convention.

2. According to the statistics forwarded by the Government, of the Population and Housing Census 2000, the rate of employment is 51 per cent for those aged above 15. As of 1 January 2003 the population over 15 numbered 1,402,800 while the number of employed reached 832,600. The labour force participation rate was 61.5 per cent at the end of 2002. The unemployment rate was approximately 3.4 per cent (54 per cent of all unemployed are females and more than 60 per cent are young people aged 16-35). A labour market survey revealed a large emigration of workers and low labour productivity. The Committee hopes that the Government will be able to compile and supply full and detailed statistical data on the situation and trends of the active population, employment, unemployment and underemployment for the country as a whole and at the regional level, disaggregated by sector, age, sex and skill level. Please also indicate the measures adopted to coordinate education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities.

3. Article 3. The Government refers to the National Consultative Committee that also held the consultation required by Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) Convention, 1976 (No. 144). The Committee notes that the consultations required by Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No. 122), concerning employment policies are to be held with representatives of the persons affected (representatives of employers and workers and also representatives of other sectors, such as those working in the rural sector or in the informal economy). In this sense, the Committee would appreciate receiving more details on the tripartite consultations held on the matters covered by the Convention. Please indicate how the social partners and other persons concerned are involved in the process of the elaboration and implementation of employment policies.

4. Part V of the report form. The Government reports on ILO technical cooperation activities, including the ILO’s participation in the National Consultation on Employment Promotion Conference jointly held by the Government, the ILO and the UNDP in October 2001. Panel discussions were held on formal, informal and rural employment. The Committee asks the Government to report on the action taken as a result of the involvement of the ILO in providing technical assistance for the implementation of an active employment policy in the meaning of the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2003, published 92nd ILC session (2004)

The Committee notes the information provided in the Government’s report for the period ending September 2002, which contains some information related to the 1996 direct request.

1. The Committee observes that the Government of Mongolia in July 2003 adopted a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper entitled Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EGPRS) arguing that the main cause for poverty, malnutrition, deficiency of food and low income of the population is a high rate of unemployment. The Government reports that it intends to encourage an accelerated, socially fair and labour-intensive economic growth policy emphasizing the fields of the processing industry, household services for the population, infrastructure development, and environmental protection and restoration. Additionally, it will also seek to introduce efficient and fair provision of basic social services and targeted support for the poorest groups of the population. In this connection the Parliament of Mongolia has adopted laws on unemployment insurance, employment promotion, and exporting labour and importing labour and specialists to address the need of building an intensive policy for the labour market and an operational legal framework and economic environment. Since 2002 the Government has been implementing a National Programme for Employment Promotion. The Committee therefore requests that the Government states in its next report whether any particular difficulties have been encountered in achieving the employment objectives established in the EGPRS, as part of a coordinated economic and social policy, in consultation with representatives of those concerned, in accordance with Articles 1, 2 and 3 of the Convention.

2. According to the statistics forwarded by the Government, of the Population and Housing Census 2000, the rate of employment is 51 per cent for those aged above 15. As of 1 January 2003 the population over 15 numbered 1,402,800 while the number of employed reached 832,600. The labour force participation rate was 61.5 per cent at the end of 2002. The unemployment rate was approximately 3.4 per cent (54 per cent of all unemployed are females and more than 60 per cent are young people aged 16-35). A labour market survey revealed a large emigration of workers and low labour productivity. The Committee hopes that the Government will be able to compile and supply full and detailed statistical data on the situation and trends of the active population, employment, unemployment and underemployment for the country as a whole and at the regional level, disaggregated by sector, age, sex and skill level. Please also indicate the measures adopted to coordinate education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities.

3. Article 3. The Government refers to the National Consultative Committee that also held the consultation required by Convention No. 144. The Committee notes that the consultations required by Convention No. 122 concerning employment policies are to be held with representatives of the persons affected (representatives of employers and workers and also representatives of other sectors, such as those working in the rural sector or in the informal economy). In this sense, the Committee would appreciate receiving more details on the tripartite consultations held on the matters covered by the Convention. Please indicate how the social partners and other persons concerned are involved in the process of the elaboration and implementation of employment policies.

4. Part V of the report form. The Government reports on ILO technical cooperation activities, including the ILO’s participation in the National Consultation on Employment Promotion Conference jointly held by the Government, the ILO and the UNDP in October 2001. Panel discussions were held on formal, informal and rural employment. The Committee asks the Government to report on the action taken as a result of the involvement of the ILO in providing technical assistance for the implementation of an active employment policy in the meaning of the Convention.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2002, published 91st ILC session (2003)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its 1996 direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee recalls that, under Article 1 of the Convention, the employment policy shall aim at ensuring that there is work for all who are available for and seeking work. In this respect, it would be grateful if the Government would describe the measures that have been taken or are envisaged to facilitate access to employment services by all persons who are seeking employment. Please continue to supply information on the number of persons who are placed in employment by the employment services.

2. The Committee notes that the Government’s Plan of Action has the objective of progressively reducing the unemployment rate to under 5.8 per cent by the year 2000 and between 3.5 and 4 per cent in 2010. The National Unemployment Reduction Programme adopted for this purpose provides for the creation of 120,000 job opportunities and for the training or retraining of 160,000 people. The Committee notes the statement that the employment policy formulated in the framework of this programme will have to be associated with structural, investment and social and economic policy. The Committee requests the Government to describe in its next report, as requested in the report form adopted by the Governing Body, the manner in which the measures adopted under the general economic policy contribute to combating unemployment. Please, in particular, describe the impact that privatizations have had or are expected to have on employment. Please also indicate the measures adopted to coordinate education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities.

3. The Committee notes the information on the jobs that have been created through the provision of preferential loans by the Employment Fund, and on the organization of public works. It notes with interest that technical assistance has been received from the competent ILO multidisciplinary advisory team in this respect. It requests the Government to continue supplying information on the implementation of the various employment creation and training measures, and particularly on measures that are specially intended for categories of the population that are identified as being particularly vulnerable, such as women with family responsibilities, young persons and persons with disabilities (see also Part V of the report form).

4. The Committee notes the statement that economic and social policies, including employment and industrial relations, are the subject of tripartite social dialogue. With reference to its previous requests, it asks the Government to describe the manner in which representatives of the persons affected are consulted in practice concerning employment policies, as required by Article 3 of the Convention. Please describe the procedures and institutions established for this purpose.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2001, published 90th ILC session (2002)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee recalls that, under Article 1 of the Convention, the employment policy shall aim at ensuring that there is work for all who are available for and seeking work. In this respect, it would be grateful if the Government would describe the measures that have been taken or are envisaged to facilitate access to employment services by all persons who are seeking employment. Please continue to supply information on the number of persons who are placed in employment by the employment services.

2. The Committee notes that the Government’s Plan of Action has the objective of progressively reducing the unemployment rate to under 5.8 per cent by the year 2000 and between 3.5 and 4 per cent in 2010. The National Unemployment Reduction Programme adopted for this purpose provides for the creation of 120,000 job opportunities and for the training or retraining of 160,000 people. The Committee notes the statement that the employment policy formulated in the framework of this programme will have to be associated with structural, investment and social and economic policy. The Committee requests the Government to describe in its next report, as requested in the report form adopted by the Governing Body, the manner in which the measures adopted under the general economic policy contribute to combating unemployment. Please, in particular, describe the impact that privatizations have had or are expected to have on employment. Please also indicate the measures adopted to coordinate education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities.

3. The Committee notes the information on the jobs that have been created through the provision of preferential loans by the Employment Fund, and on the organization of public works. It notes with interest that technical assistance has been received from the competent ILO multidisciplinary advisory team in this respect. It requests the Government to continue supplying information on the implementation of the various employment creation and training measures, and particularly on measures that are specially intended for categories of the population that are identified as being particularly vulnerable, such as women with family responsibilities, young persons and persons with disabilities (see also Part V of the report form).

4. The Committee notes the statement that economic and social policies, including employment and industrial relations, are the subject of tripartite social dialogue. With reference to its previous requests, it asks the Government to describe the manner in which representatives of the persons affected are consulted in practice concerning employment policies, as required by Article 3 of the Convention. Please describe the procedures and institutions established for this purpose.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2000, published 89th ILC session (2001)

The Committee again notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which reads as follows:

1.  The Committee recalls that, under Article 1 of the Convention, the employment policy shall aim at ensuring that there is work for all who are available for and seeking work. In this respect, it would be grateful if the Government would describe the measures that have been taken or are envisaged to facilitate access to employment services by all persons who are seeking employment. Please continue to supply information on the number of persons who are placed in employment by the employment services.

2.  The Committee notes that the Government’s Plan of Action has the objective of progressively reducing the unemployment rate to under 5.8 per cent by the year 2000 and between 3.5 and 4 per cent in 2010. The National Unemployment Reduction Programme adopted for this purpose provides for the creation of 120,000 job opportunities and for the training or retraining of 160,000 people. The Committee notes the statement that the employment policy formulated in the framework of this programme will have to be associated with structural, investment and social and economic policy. The Committee requests the Government to describe in its next report, as requested in the report form adopted by the Governing Body, the manner in which the measures adopted under the general economic policy contribute to combating unemployment. Please, in particular, describe the impact that privatizations have had or are expected to have on employment. Please also indicate the measures adopted to coordinate education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities.

3.  The Committee notes the information on the jobs that have been created through the provision of preferential loans by the Employment Fund, and on the organization of public works. It notes with interest that technical assistance has been received from the competent ILO multidisciplinary advisory team in this respect. It requests the Government to continue supplying information on the implementation of the various employment creation and training measures, and particularly on measures that are specially intended for categories of the population that are identified as being particularly vulnerable, such as women with family responsibilities, young persons and persons with disabilities (see also Part V of the report form).

4.  The Committee notes the statement that economic and social policies, including employment and industrial relations, are the subject of tripartite social dialogue. With reference to its previous requests, it asks the Government to describe the manner in which representatives of the persons affected are consulted in practice concerning employment policies, as required by Article 3 of the Convention. Please describe the procedures and institutions established for this purpose.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1999, published 88th ILC session (2000)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee recalls that, under Article 1 of the Convention, the employment policy shall aim at ensuring that there is work for all who are available for and seeking work. In this respect, it would be grateful if the Government would describe the measures that have been taken or are envisaged to facilitate access to employment services by all persons who are seeking employment. Please continue to supply information on the number of persons who are placed in employment by the employment services.

2. The Committee notes that the Government's Plan of Action has the objective of progressively reducing the unemployment rate to under 5.8 per cent by the year 2000 and between 3.5 and 4 per cent in 2010. The National Unemployment Reduction Programme adopted for this purpose provides for the creation of 120,000 job opportunities and for the training or retraining of 160,000 people. The Committee notes the statement that the employment policy formulated in the framework of this programme will have to be associated with structural, investment and social and economic policy. The Committee requests the Government to describe in its next report, as requested in the report form adopted by the Governing Body, the manner in which the measures adopted under the general economic policy contribute to combating unemployment. Please, in particular, describe the impact that privatizations have had or are expected to have on employment. Please also indicate the measures adopted to coordinate education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities.

3. The Committee notes the information on the jobs that have been created through the provision of preferential loans by the Employment Fund, and on the organization of public works. It notes with interest that technical assistance has been received from the competent ILO multidisciplinary advisory team in this respect. It requests the Government to continue supplying information on the implementation of the various employment creation and training measures, and particularly on measures that are specially intended for categories of the population that are identified as being particularly vulnerable, such as women with family responsibilities, young persons and persons with disabilities (see also Part V of the report form).

4. The Committee notes the statement that economic and social policies, including employment and industrial relations, are the subject of tripartite social dialogue. With reference to its previous requests, it asks the Government to describe the manner in which representatives of the persons affected are consulted in practice concerning employment policies, as required by Article 3 of the Convention. Please describe the procedures and institutions established for this purpose.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1998, published 87th ILC session (1999)

The Committee notes that the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee notes the Government's report and the useful information that it contains in reply to its previous request. It notes that, according to government estimates, 19.6 per cent of the active population was without employment at the end of 1995 and that unemployment continues principally to affect young school-leavers and unskilled workers. The Committee also notes that, of the persons who are without employment, only 20.7 per cent were registered with the employment services and that the registered unemployment rate was 5.4 per cent. It recalls that, under Article 1 of the Convention, the employment policy shall aim at ensuring that there is work for all who are available for and seeking work. In this respect, it would be grateful if the Government would describe the measures that have been taken or are envisaged to facilitate access to employment services by all persons who are seeking employment. Please continue to supply information on the number of persons who are placed in employment by the employment services.

2. The Committee notes that the Government's Plan of Action has the objective of progressively reducing the unemployment rate to under 5.8 per cent by the year 2000 and between 3.5 and 4 per cent in 2010. The National Unemployment Reduction Programme adopted for this purpose provides for the creation of 120,000 job opportunities and for the training or retraining of 160,000 people. The Committee notes the statement that the employment policy formulated in the framework of this programme will have to be associated with structural, investment and social and economic policy. The Committee requests the Government to describe in its next report, as requested in the report form adopted by the Governing Body, the manner in which the measures adopted under the general economic policy contribute to combating unemployment. Please, in particular, describe the impact that privatizations have had or are expected to have on employment. Please also indicate the measures adopted to coordinate education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities.

3. The Committee notes the information on the jobs that have been created through the provision of preferential loans by the Employment Fund, and on the organization of public works. It notes with interest that technical assistance has been received from the competent ILO multidisciplinary advisory team in this respect. It requests the Government to continue supplying information on the implementation of the various employment creation and training measures, and particularly on measures that are specially intended for categories of the population that are identified as being particularly vulnerable, such as women with family responsibilities, young persons and persons with disabilities (see also point V of the report form).

4. The Committee notes the statement that economic and social policies, including employment and industrial relations, are the subject of tripartite social dialogue. With reference to its previous requests, it asks the Government to describe the manner in which representatives of the persons affected are consulted in practice concerning employment policies, as required by Article 3 of the Convention. Please describe the procedures and institutions established for this purpose.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1996, published 85th ILC session (1997)

1. The Committee notes the Government's report and the useful information that it contains in reply to its previous request. It notes that, according to government estimates, 19.6 per cent of the active population was without employment at the end of 1995 and that unemployment continues principally to affect young school-leavers and unskilled workers. The Committee also notes that, of the persons who are without employment, only 20.7 per cent were registered with the employment services and that the registered unemployment rate was 5.4 per cent. It recalls that, under Article 1 of the Convention, the employment policy shall aim at ensuring that there is work for all who are available for and seeking work. In this respect, it would be grateful if the Government would describe the measures that have been taken or are envisaged to facilitate access to employment services by all persons who are seeking employment. Please continue to supply information on the number of persons who are placed in employment by the employment services.

2. The Committee notes that the Government's Plan of Action has the objective of progressively reducing the unemployment rate to under 5.8 per cent by the year 2000 and between 3.5 and 4 per cent in 2010. The National Unemployment Reduction Programme adopted for this purpose provides for the creation of 120,000 job opportunities and for the training or retraining of 160,000 people. The Committee notes the statement that the employment policy formulated in the framework of this programme will have to be associated with structural, investment and social and economic policy. The Committee requests the Government to describe in its next report, as requested in the report form adopted by the Governing Body, the manner in which the measures adopted under the general economic policy contribute to combating unemployment. Please, in particular, describe the impact that privatizations have had or are expected to have on employment. Please also indicate the measures adopted to coordinate education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities.

3. The Committee notes the information on the jobs that have been created through the provision of preferential loans by the Employment Fund, and on the organization of public works. It notes with interest that technical assistance has been received from the competent ILO multidisciplinary advisory team in this respect. It requests the Government to continue supplying information on the implementation of the various employment creation and training measures, and particularly on measures that are specially intended for categories of the population that are identified as being particularly vulnerable, such as women with family responsibilities, young persons and persons with disabilities (see also point V of the report form).

4. The Committee notes the statement that economic and social policies, including employment and industrial relations, are the subject of tripartite social dialogue. With reference to its previous requests, it asks the Government to describe the manner in which representatives of the persons affected are consulted in practice concerning employment policies, as required by Article 3 of the Convention. Please describe the procedures and institutions established for this purpose.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1995, published 82nd ILC session (1995)

The Committee notes that the Government's report has not been received. It has been informed of the ILO advisory mission undertaken from 12-26 September 1992, which made recommendations on employment policy in the context of the transition to a market economy. The Committee requests the Government to indicate in its next report the action taken as a result of these recommendations. It hopes that the next report will also contain full information on the points raised in its previous direct request which read as follows:

1. The Committee notes the Government's report in reply to its previous direct request. In its report, the Government expresses its concern at the deterioration in the employment situation following the current restructuring process which is intended to ensure a transition to a market economy system. Employment rationalization measures in the public sector have resulted in the suppression of existing jobs with very few prospects of the creation of new jobs in the near future. According to the Government, at the beginning of 1991, 3.5 per cent of the active population were unemployed, of which a significant proportion were skilled workers and young persons who had recently left the education system.

2. The Government states that the Ministry of Labour, which has recently been established, is now responsible for employment policy, for: examining the situation and trends of employment; formulating policies for the employment of young persons, women and the disabled; and coordinating the activities of the national system of employment services. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply further information in its next report on the establishment and activities of employment offices and on the measures that have been taken or are envisaged in order to ensure that employment policy measures are decided upon on the basis of a detailed knowledge of the situation and trends of employment and unemployment at the local and regional levels for the various categories of the population. It hopes that the Government will soon be in a position to supply detailed statistics on employment, unemployment and underemployment.

3. The Committee notes, among the employment promotion measures referred to by the Government, the organization of work and measures to promote the development of small enterprises. Please supply information on the nature of these measures and the means by which they are implemented, and their effect on employment evaluated. Please also describe the nature and objectives of the State Employment Fund that it is planned to establish. The Government also indicates that it is planning to undertake a reform of the education and vocational training system in order to provide additional training for young persons leaving the education system and to retrain workers who have lost their jobs. Please supply information on developments in thes fields and the measures that have been adopted with a view to coordinating education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities.

4. The Government states that the development of the right of association has permitted the establishment of voluntary organizations to defend the rights of the unemployed and that they have been associated with discussions and measures to promote employment. Please provide information on the nature and objectives of these organizations and on the manner in which they contribute to the formulation and application of employment policies. More generally, please indicate the manner in which, in accordance with Article 3 of the Convention, the representatives of the persons affected by the measures to be taken, and in particular representatives of employers and workers, are consulted concerning employment policies.

5. The Committee notes the adoption in April 1991 of the Unemployment Benefit Act. It would be grateful if the Government would supply information on the implementation of this Act, particularly as regards labour market problems and policies.

6. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply with its next report copies of the official texts to which it refers. It would be particularly grateful to be supplied with the text of the decision "concerning certain employment measures", of the decision of November 1990 prohibiting unjustified dismissals, of the new Labour Code adopted in February 1991, and of the above Unemployment Benefit Act.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1995, published 83rd ILC session (1996)

1. The Committee notes the Government's report and the useful information that it contains in reply to its previous request. The Committee notes that, according to the Government's estimates, the rate of registered unemployment rose to 8.3 per cent in 1994, in comparison with 3.5 per cent at the beginning of 1991. Unemployment principally affects rural areas and young persons leaving the school system. Employment prospects are a matter of particular concern in view of the rapid growth of the active population at a time when the reform of the centralized economic system is leading to the closure of many enterprises and redundancies arising out of the privatization process. The Committee requests the Government to continue providing as detailed information as possible on the situation and trends of employment, underemployment and unemployment, with an indication of the progress achieved in the compilation and analysis of the appropriate statistical data.

2. The Government states that, in this difficult situation, it adopted Decision No. 134 in August 1993 to establish measures for the promotion of employment and the reduction of unemployment, and that these take into account some of the recommendations adopted at the national employment symposium held in April 1993 in association with the ILO. The Committee notes in particular the establishment of a labour market information system and the organization of a network of employment services. It requests the Government to continue supplying information on the activities of the employment services. The Committee also notes the establishment of an employment fund, which is constituted partly from the resources of the privatization fund and which contributes to the funding of employment creation measures. A specific fund has also been established to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Please provide any available information on the measures financed by these funds. With reference to its previous request, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the unemployment compensation system and its coordination with employment policy.

3. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would also supply information on the manner in which the impact on employment is taken into account of the principle decisions in the field of general economic policy. Please, in particular, indicate whether measures are envisaged in the context of privatizations in order to provide employment for the workers in the enterprises concerned. The Committee notes that the Government is encouraging temporary migration for employment. Please continue to supply information on this subject and describe the measures adopted for this purpose.

4. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate the manner in which the representatives of the persons affected by the measures to be taken in the field of employment policy, and particularly the representatives of employers and workers, are consulted with regard to employment policies, in accordance with Article 3 of the Convention. The Committee cannot overemphasize the importance that it attaches to full effect being given to this fundamental provision of the Convention, particularly in the context of the deep-rooted structural reforms affecting the labour market.

5. The Committee notes with interest the information concerning the ILO technical cooperation projects which are being implemented. It requests the Government to continue providing information on technical cooperation activities for the formulation and implementation of employment policy (Part V of the report form).

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1994, published 81st ILC session (1994)

The Committee notes the Government's report, which contains no new information in reply to its previous request. It has also been informed of the ILO advisory mission undertaken from 12-26 September 1992, which made recommendations on employment policy in the context of the transition to a market economy. The Committee requests the Government to indicate in its next report the action taken as a result of these recommendations. It hopes that the next report will also contain full information on the points raised in its previous direct request which read as follows:

1. The Committee notes the Government's report in reply to its previous direct request. In its report, the Government expresses its concern at the deterioration in the employment situation following the current restructuring process which is intended to ensure a transition to a market economy system. Employment rationalization measures in the public sector have resulted in the suppression of existing jobs with very few prospects of the creation of new jobs in the near future. According to the Government, at the beginning of 1991, 3.5 per cent of the active population were unemployed, of which a significant proportion were skilled workers and young persons who had recently left the education system.

2. The Government states that the Ministry of Labour, which has recently been established, is now responsible for employment policy, for: examining the situation and trends of employment; formulating policies for the employment of young persons, women and the disabled; and coordinating the activities of the national system of employment services. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply further information in its next report on the establishment and activities of employment offices and on the measures that have been taken or are envisaged in order to ensure that employment policy measures are decided upon on the basis of a detailed knowledge of the situation and trends of employment and unemployment at the local and regional levels for the various categories of the population. It hopes that the Government will soon be in a position to supply detailed statistics on employment, unemployment and underemployment.

3. The Committee notes, among the employment promotion measures referred to by the Government, the organization of work and measures to promote the development of small enterprises. Please supply information on the nature of these measures and the means by which they are implemented, and their effect on employment evaluated. Please also describe the nature and objectives of the State Employment Fund that it is planned to establish. The Government also indicates that it is planning to undertake a reform of the education and vocational training system in order to provide additional training for young persons leaving the education system and to retrain workers who have lost their jobs. Please supply information on developments in thes fields and the measures that have been adopted with a view to coordinating education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities.

4. The Government states that the development of the right of association has permitted the establishment of voluntary organizations to defend the rights of the unemployed and that they have been associated with discussions and measures to promote employment. Please provide information on the nature and objectives of these organizations and on the manner in which they contribute to the formulation and application of employment policies. More generally, please indicate the manner in which, in accordance with Article 3 of the Convention, the representatives of the persons affected by the measures to be taken, and in particular representatives of employers and workers, are consulted concerning employment policies.

5. The Committee notes the adoption in April 1991 of the Unemployment Benefit Act. It would be grateful if the Government would supply information on the implementation of this Act, particularly as regards labour market problems and policies.

6. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply with its next report copies of the official texts to which it refers. It would be particularly grateful to be supplied with the text of the decision "concerning certain employment measures", of the decision of November 1990 prohibiting unjustified dismissals, of the new Labour Code adopted in February 1991, and of the above Unemployment Benefit Act.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1992, published 79th ILC session (1992)

1. The Committee notes the Government's report in reply to its previous direct request. In its report, the Government expresses its concern at the deterioration in the employment situation following the current restructuring process which is intended to ensure a transition to a market economy system. Employment rationalisation measures in the public sector have resulted in the suppression of existing jobs with very few prospects of the creation of new jobs in the near future. According to the Government, at the beginning of 1991, 3.5 per cent of the active population were unemployed, of which a significant proportion were skilled workers and young persons who had recently left the education system.

2. The Government states that the Ministry of Labour, which has recently been established, is now responsible for employment policy, particularly through the employment department, which is responsible for: examining the situation and trends of employment; formulating policies for the employment of young persons, women and the disabled; and coordinating the activities of the national system of employment services. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply further information in its next report on the establishment and activities of employment offices and on the measures that have been taken or are envisaged in order to ensure that employment policy measures are decided upon on the basis of a detailed knowledge of the situation and trends of employment and unemployment at the local and regional levels for the various categories of the population. It hopes that the Government will soon be in a position to supply detailed statistics on employment, unemployment and underemployment.

3. The Committee notes, among the employment promotion measures referred to by the Government, the organisation of work and measures to promote the development of small enterprises. Please supply information on the nature of these measures and the means by which they are implemented, and their effect on employment evaluated. Please also describe the nature and objectives of the State Employment Fund that it is planned to establish. The Government also indicates that it is planning to undertake a reform of the education and vocational training system in order to provide additional training for young persons leaving the education system and to retrain workers who have lost their jobs. Please supply information on developments in these fields and the measures that have been adopted with a view to coordinating education and training policies with prospective employment opportunities.

4. The Government states that the development of the right of association has permitted the establishment of voluntary organisations to defend the rights of the unemployed and that they have been associated with discussions and measures to promote employment. Please provide information on the nature and objectives of these organisations and on the manner in which they contribute to the formulation and application of employment policies. More generally, please indicate the manner in which, in accordance with Article 3 of the Convention, the representatives of the persons affected by the measures to be taken, and in particular representatives of employers and workers, are consulted concerning employment policies.

5. The Committee notes the adoption in April 1991 of the Unemployment Benefit Act. It would be grateful if the Government would supply information on the implementation of this Act, particularly as regards labour market problems and policies.

6. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply with its next report copies of the official texts to which it refers. It would be particularly grateful to be supplied with the text of the decision "concerning certain employment measures", of the decision of November 1990 prohibiting unjustified dismissals, of the new Labour Code adopted in February 1991, and of the above Unemployment Benefit Act.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1991, published 78th ILC session (1991)

The Committee notes the information supplied by the Government in reply to its previous comments. It notes in particular the adoption of the following laws and orders: the Act of the Mongolian People's Republic on state enterprises, of 29 November 1988; the Act of the Mongolian People's Republic on Co-operatives, of 24 June 1989; Order No. 77 of 1988, of the Council of Ministers of the Mongolian People's Republic respecting support for individual labour activity and the development of co-operatives; Order No. 48, of 13 March 1989, of the Council of Ministers of the Mongolian People's Republic on measures to increase production and improve the supply of consumer goods; and Order No. 276 of 1 December 1989, of the Council of Ministers of the Mongolian People's Republic on measures to create additional jobs. Please supply information on the application of the above texts, particularly as regards their impact on employment, and supply, where available, copies of texts that are of particular relevance to the application of the Convention. Please also supply additional information on the following points:

1. The Committee notes the information that 81,000 jobs were created between 1986 and 1989, that the number of unemployed was 24,600 at the end of that period and that 16,100 jobs were to be created in 1990. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would continue to supply information on the situation, levels and trends of employment, unemployment and underemployment, both in the aggregate and as they affect particular categories of workers such as women, young persons, older workers and disabled workers. Please also indicate the extent to which employment objectives included in development plans and programmes have been or are being attained (Article 1 of the Convention).

2. The Committee notes the information supplied by the Government that its economic strategy provides for active promotion of the development of individual activities and co-operatives within the framework of the current restructuring process that is based, in particular, on the application of democratic principles and economic methods especially as regards the policy on enterprises. The Government states that it is seriously concerned with the problems of the rational management of human resources. Urgent measures are required to create new jobs and provide training and retraining. The Government also states that the Labour Code is currently being revised, and that the Constitution is to be amended. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would continue supplying information on the principal policies pursued and the measures taken to ensure that there is work for all who are available for and seeking work and that it is as productive as possible (Article 1, paragraph 2(a), (b) and (c)). Please make particular reference, in so far as they are relevant to conditions in the country, to the matters set out in the report form under Article 1 of the Convention.

3. The Committee notes the establishment in 1988 of the State Planning and Economic Committee, which has been assigned several functions in the field of labour resource management, and the institution in 1989 of planning and economic departments in each "aimag" and each town. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would continue to supply information on the activities of the State Committee and the regional departments, and particularly if it would indicate the manner in which they are co-ordinated.

4. The Committee notes that the executive bodies of provinces (aimag) and towns have been made responsible for taking measures to create small workshops to produce clothes and other manufactured products, and to develop crafts. It would be grateful if the Government would supply information on the impact of these measures on employment.

5. The Committee notes the information of the coexistence of an excess of labour in certain occupations and a lack of labour in other occupations, varying in sectors and regions of the country, and leading to, as a result of recruitment and relocation operations, the movement of 3,000 workers, accompanied by 3,500 members of their families, to regions where there was a lack of labour between 1986 and 1989. It would be grateful if the Government would give further information on the impact of these movements, and particularly on the nature of the jobs or activities undertaken. More generally, please describe the measures that have been taken or are envisaged to ensure the matching of labour supply and demand, on both an occupational and geographical basis, including measures for the adjustment of labour to structural change.

6. Please indicate the manner in which representatives of those affected are consulted concerning employment policies, including consultations with representatives of employers' and workers' organisations and consultations with representatives of other sectors of the economically active population such as those working in the rural sector (Article 3).

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1989, published 76th ILC session (1989)

The Committee notes that the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

The Committee notes the information provided by the Government in reply to the previous direct request. The report describes the steps taken within the framework of the Special Comprehensive Programme up to the year 2000 by the 1986 Ordinance on measures to improve the utilisation of labour resources. These measures include job reservation for the young and the improvement of prospects of productive employment for those not otherwise engaged in organised work (e.g. those occupied in housework or on small private plots of land, and older workers). Such employment may be created through "working partnerships" in activities such as housing repair and construction, child care, dressmaking, or transport services; a similar form of organisation has apparently been instituted in respect of herdsmen, especially in regions where there are labour shortages. The Government also indicates that it is preparing to deal with the issue of the more rational organisation of employment in combinations, both in the form of own-account working and in co-operatives. With the establishment of working partnerships, subsidiary production facilities and subsidiary plots, the number of jobs is expected to rise by about 3 per cent during the current five-year plan, and the Government expects the utilisation of labour resources to continue to improve. The Government also points to improvements in labour productivity as a result of better organisation of production, the strengthening of labour discipline, use of improved technology, better qualifications of the workforce and increased responsibility for the final results of work. Given the significance of agriculture in the national economy, special attention is being given to instilling modern techniques and methods of management.

The Committee hopes the Government will continue to provide information on developments in connection with these matters, in order to show the steps being taken towards the goals of the Convention. It would be most grateful if the Government would endeavour to supply a report on the Convention in the form approved by the Governing Body. The Committee would be particularly glad if the Government would provide all available statistics on the employment situation, showing the employment effects of the important measures and proposals referred to in the report - for example, the "working partnerships", own-account working, and co-operatives.