All Comments

Home Page | Français | Español |

ILO is a United Nations Agency

RSS Feed | Newsroom | Contact us

NORMLEX

Information System on International Labour Standards

Instruments
Key documents
Ratification of ILO Conventions
Supervising the application of International Labour Standards: Supervision by country; Search comments by the supervisory bodies; Complaint procedures; Freedom of association cases; Representations (Art. 24); Commission of Inquiry (Art. 26)
Regular reporting
Country profiles
Comparatives
Maritime Labour Convention (2006)

MLC, 2006

NATLEX *new look*
National Legislation on Labour and Social Rights

LEGOSH
Global database on occupational safety and health legislation

EPLex
Employment protection legislation database

Compendium of court decisions

NORMLEX Home > Country profiles > > Comments > All Comments

Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952 (No. 102) - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) (Ratification: 1982)

Display in: French - Spanish

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2020, published 109th ILC session (2021)

In order to provide a comprehensive view of the issues relating to the application of the ratified Conventions on social security, the Committee considers it appropriate to examine Conventions Nos 102 (minimum standards), 121 (employment injury benefits), 128 (invalidity, old-age and survivors’ benefits) and 130 (medical care and sickness benefits) together.

The Committee notes the observations of the Independent Trade Union Alliance Confederation of Workers (ASI) on the application of Conventions Nos 102 and 130, received on 30 September 2020.

The Committee deeply regrets that the Government has not provided a detailed reply to the observations made by the ASI in 2011 and 2016 on the application of the Conventions. The Committee recalls that the ASI alleged: (1) that the legislation envisaged by the Basic Act on the Social Security System of 2002 (LOSSS), as partially reformed in 2012, generates legal inconsistencies due to the lack of clarity and of political will to implement the benefits system envisaged by the Act, resulting in an incomplete, uncoordinated and unequal system; and (2) the existence of procedural difficulties encountered by users of the social security system in asserting their rights before the courts, and particularly the Supreme Court of Justice (TSJ), which has provided contradictory indications concerning the development that should characterize the implementation of the fundamental right to social security, especially through procedural delays and reversals of case law. The Committee urges the Government to provide a detailed reply on this matter and emphasizes the importance of dialogue with the social partners on decisions relating to social security. The Committee also draws the Government’s attention to the new issues raised by the ASI in its 2020 observations (see Article 10 of Convention No. 102, Article 10 of Convention No. 121, Article 13 of Convention No. 130 and Articles 71(3) and 72(2) of Convention No. 102) and requests the Government to provide its comments in this regard.

Part II (Medical care), Article 10 of Convention No. 102, Article 10 of Convention No. 121 and Article 13 of Convention No. 130. Medical care benefits. With reference to its previous comments, the Committee notes the information provided by the Government on the network of health services at the various levels, and the number of medical treatment provided during the years 2016–18. The Committee also notes the ASI’s observations alleging that the current crisis in the country has resulted, among other consequences, in the exhaustion of medicines and basic products for the prevention and treatment of diseases, and lack of care for people with chronic conditions, nutrition problems, pregnant women and newborns, as well as the inadequate management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Committee requests the Government to provide its comments in this regard and to indicate the manner in which it is ensured that medical care is accessible, under reasonable conditions, to all persons protected, as envisaged by Article 13 of Convention No. 130. With reference to Convention No. 121, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the measures adopted or envisaged to explicitly provide in the relevant legislation for at least the medical care benefits enumerated in Article 10 of the Convention.

Article 16(1) of Convention No. 130. Provision of medical care throughout the contingency. The Committee notes the Government’s reply to its previous request concerning the duration of medical care for insured persons and their spouses and children, taking into account the limitation of 52 weeks set out in section 128 of the General Regulations of the Social Insurance Act. More specifically, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that, once this period has elapsed, the insured worker has to be reassessed to determine the state of incapacity, with a view to determining whether the temporary incapacity persists, whether it has ended, or whether it has become permanent, and that at all times the care and the worker’s income are maintained, in accordance with section 10 of the Social Insurance Act and section 128 of the General Regulations of the Social Insurance Act. The Committee also observes that, according to the information available on the website of the Venezuelan Social Insurance Institute (IVSS) referring to this legislation, in cases where the insured person in receipt of medical care for a long illness exhausts entitlement to medical care that person shall continue to receive such care on condition that there is a favourable medical opinion for that person’s recuperation. Recalling that Article 16(1) of the Convention requires the medical care, as specified in Article 10, to be provided also to the spouses and children of persons protected throughout the contingency, the Committee requests the Government to indicate the provisions of the national legislation which guarantee that all the children and spouses of insured workers shall receive the medical care required by the Convention for as long as necessary.

Articles 10 and 19, in conjunction with Article 5, and Articles 13 and 16(2) and (3) of Convention No. 130. Protected persons and legislation respecting medical care. The Committee notes the information provided by the Government in reply to its previous comments concerning Articles 10 and 19 of Convention No. 130, in conjunction with Article 5, on the protection of the spouses of salaried employees and their dependants, or 75 per cent of the economically active population and their dependants. The Committee also notes the information provided by the Government in reply to its previous requests concerning Articles 13 and 16(2) and (3) of the Convention on the need to provide copies of the laws and regulations specifying the medical care provided to persons protected, and regulating the practice of the continued provision of medical care in cases of sickness when the beneficiary is no longer in the category of persons protected.

Article 22, in conjunction with Article 1(h) of Convention No. 130, Articles 13, 14(2) and 18(1), in conjunction with Article 19 of Convention No. 121, and Articles 10, 17 and 23, in conjunction with Article 26 of Convention No. 128. Level of cash benefits. The Committee takes due note of the information provided by the Government on the level of cash sickness benefits (Convention No. 130) and employment injury benefits (Convention No. 121). With reference to the invalidity, old-age and survivors’ benefits envisaged in Convention No. 128, the Committee notes the information provided and requests the Government to provide information on the application of Articles 10, 17 and 23, in conjunction with Article 26, on the level of invalidity, old-age and survivors’ benefits for a standard beneficiary as determined by the Convention.

Articles 4, 7, 8 and 18, in conjunction with Article 1(e)(i) of Convention No. 121. The Committee notes the information provided by the Government in reply to its previous requests concerning Article 4 (coverage), Article 7 (conditions under which a commuting accident is considered to be an industrial accident), Article 8 (list of occupational diseases) and Article 18, in conjunction with Article 1(e)(i) (age of dependent children) of Convention No. 121.

Article 21 of Convention No. 121 and Article 29 of Convention No. 128. Review of the rates of cash benefits. Statistical data. In its previous comments, the Committee drew the Government’s attention to the need to provide the statistical data required by the report form to be able to assess the real impact of the readjustment of pensions and other long-term cash benefits, taking into account changes in the general level of earnings or fluctuations in the cost of living. The Committee once again requests the Government to provide the specific statistical data necessary to assess the application of Article 21 of Convention No. 121 and Article 29 of Convention No. 128.

Article 22(1)(d)(e) and (2) of Convention No. 121 and Article 32(1)(d)(e) and (2) of Convention No. 128. Reasons for the suspension of benefits. With reference to its previous comments on the need to amend section 160 of the General Regulations of the Social Insurance Act of 1989, as partially modified in 2012, under the terms of which the pension shall not be granted when the contingency (invalidity or partial incapacity) is due to a violation of the law or an offence against morals or decency, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that it intends to refer the amendment indicated previously formally for assessment through the normal channels and corresponding bodies. The Committee notes that the Government makes the same reply in relation to the need to provide that, when benefits are suspended, a proportion shall be provided to the dependants of the beneficiary. The Committee requests the Government to indicate any measures adopted or envisaged to bring the national legislation into conformity with the provisions respecting the suspension of benefits contained in Article 22 of Convention No. 121 and Article 32 of Convention No. 128.

Article 21(1), in conjunction with Article 1(h)(i) of Convention No. 128. Age of children for entitlement to cash benefits in the event of the death of the breadwinner. With regard to the need, as indicated in its previous comments, to amend section 33 of the Social Insurance Act to raise from 14 to 15 years the age up to which children shall be entitled to a survivors’ pension, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Committee’s comments will be taken into account when the Social Insurance Act is updated. The Committee firmly hopes that the appropriate measures will be taken, without further delay, to bring the legislation into conformity with the requirements of Article 21(1) of Convention No. 128 and requests the Government to provide information on any measures adopted or envisaged in this regard.

Article 38(2) and (3) of Convention No. 128. Agricultural sector. In its previous comments, the Committee requested the Government to report any increase in the number of employees in agriculture protected under the Convention. The Committee regrets to note that the Government has not provided this information and recalls that Article 38(2) of Convention No. 128 requires each Member which has made a declaration temporarily excluding from the application of the Convention employees in the agricultural sector to indicate in its reports on the application of the Convention any progress which may have been made in this respect or, where there is no change to report, furnish all the appropriate explanations, and that paragraph 3 sets out the requirement to increase the number of employees protected in the agricultural sector to the extent and with the speed that circumstances permit. The Committee once again requests the Government to indicate any increase in the number of employees in the agricultural sector protected by the Convention.

Articles 71(3) and 72(2) of Convention No. 102. General responsibility of the State for the due provision of benefits and for the proper administration of social security institutions and services. With reference to its previous comments on the transition to a reformed social security system based on sound principles of good governance and social dialogue, the Committee notes the Government’s indication concerning the holding in 2017 of a National Constituent Assembly, to which were invited all the sectors and social partners related to, affected or influenced by the legislative changes respecting each of the subjects covered. The Committee also notes the information provided by the Government on the difficulties encountered in maintaining the level of wages and the purchasing power of workers and their families, and the access of the population to essential goods and services during the current economic and social crisis aggravated by the economic and commercial blockade suffered by the country. The Committee further notes the allegations by the ASI in its observations that for the past four years the country has been beset by a large-scale and complex humanitarian emergency, which is compounded by the severe failings of the hospital and health system, giving rise to the need for international assistance and cooperation, as well as, among other matters, the abandonment of certain adult care centres, which became critical in 2019. The Committee also notes the ASI’s allegations on problems relating to good practices in the transparency, control and monitoring of the management of certain cash benefits and social programmes. The ASI emphasizes the urgency of giving effect to the LOSSS, the implementation of which would lead to an improvement in the quality of life as a central priority of social policy. Taking into account the information provided by the Government on the difficulties that are being experienced, the Committee requests it to make every effort to guarantee the provision of medical care and cash benefits to persons protected in the current context, in accordance with the provisions of Article 71(3) of Convention No. 102. The Committee requests the Government to inform it of any measures adopted or envisaged in this regard. The Committee also requests the Government to provide its comments on the ASI’s observations relating to the governance of social security institutions and services.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2016, published 106th ILC session (2017)

In its previous observation on these instruments, the Committee addressed important issues of the transition towards a reformed social security system to be based on sound principles of good governance and social dialogue. According to the Government, although all the implementing legislation foreseen by the Organic Law on the social security system (LOSSS) of 2002 has not been adopted within the five-year time frame initially foreseen, namely that on the health and pensions schemes, there has been progress in 2012 as the social security institutions foreseen in the LOSSS such as the Social Security Treasury and the Superintendencia de Seguridad Social have been established. In reply to the Committee’s requests concerning the new time frame set for the adoption of the legislation implementing the LOSSS, the Government indicates that, pending the adoption of the new legislation, the previously applicable legal framework, including the amended Social Insurance Act of 1967, remains in force. Taking note of the above, the Committee would like to draw the Government’s attention to the points below.

I. Observations by the workers’ organizations

Referring to its previous comments, the Committee notes the Government’s report as well as the new observations supplied by the Independent Trade Union Alliance (ASI) on 22 and 26 August 2016 as well as those jointly supplied by the National Union of Workers of Venezuela (UNETE), the Confederation of Workers of Venezuela (CTV), the General Confederation of Venezuelan Workers (CGT) and the Confederation of Autonomous Trade Unions (CODESA) on 12 October 2016. The Committee notes the important issues raised by the ASI in its observations to which the Government has not responded, namely: difficulties in gaining access to information which is an obstacle to effectively engaging in monitoring the rate of coverage and the management of the social security system; lack of representation of workers in either the Venezuelan Social Insurance Institute (IVSS) or the other public institutions, such as the National Institute for Prevention, Occupational Safety and Health (INAPSASEL) and the National Institute for Socialist Educational Cooperation (INCES); discordant statistics, lack of medical supplies or delays in the payment of pension increments which is only partially compensated by measures aimed at guaranteeing food security to the most vulnerable segments of the population; the legislation foreseen by the LOSSS which generates legal inconsistencies; and procedural difficulties encountered by users of the social security system in asserting their rights before the courts, as the Supreme Court of Justice (TSJ) has given contradictory indications with relation to the development that should characterize the implementation of the fundamental right to social security, particularly through delays in procedures and reversals of case law. The Government has also failed to reply to the numerous observations made previously by the ASI and the CTV stating that these organizations are not the most representative in the national context. The Committee sees no indication that the Government has engaged with the social partners in effective social dialogue relating to the implementation of the reform of the social security system. Recalling that successful reform of social security requires effective involvement of the social partners, the Committee asks the Government to provide a detailed reply in its next report to the comments and criticisms made by the trade union organizations.

II. Medical care

As regards health protection, the report signals the adoption in 2014 of the Act on the Patriot Plan which provides for the progressive articulation of all levels of health protection, promotion, prevention and rehabilitation in the framework of the Areas de salud integral comunitarias over the period 2013–19. The report further makes reference to the creation in 2015 of the Red de Atencion Comunal de Salud (Official Gazette No. 40.723 of 13 August 2015) which establishes the list of medical entities forming part of the public national health system and aims at reforming the structure and functioning of health services with a view to ensuring universal coverage of the population. In view of the constitutional objective of the integration of the health system into the social security system, the Committee would like the Government to indicate how the newly established health protection network is articulated with that administered by the IVSS and to provide statistical information on the amount of out-of-pocket payments made by beneficiaries accessing health care.

Also, recalling that the 1967 Act on social insurance is not adequate to guarantee that full effect is given to Convention No. 130, the Committee regrets that the report does not provide the information requested previously, and once again asks the Government to supply a detailed report on that Convention, indicating the manner in which the numerous legislative measures which have been adopted in recent years give effect to each of its provisions, including on the following points in particular:

- Articles 10 and 19 (in conjunction with Article 5) (the need for effective coverage of either all employees and their dependants, or 75 per cent of the economically active population and their dependants);
- Article 13 (the need to provide copies of the laws and regulations specifying the medical care provided to the persons protected, in compliance with the minimum levels envisaged by this provision of the Convention);
- Article 16(1) (the need to bring section 127 of the General Regulations of the Act on social insurance into conformity with the established practice of the IVSS, which consists of providing medical assistance throughout the contingency);
- Article 16(2) and (3) (the need to provide a copy of any decision, circular or administrative rule of the IVSS setting out the practice which consists of providing medical care when the beneficiary is no longer part of one of the groups of protected persons in the case of sickness which began when the person concerned was still part of that group);
- Article 28(2) (the need to amend section 160 of the General Regulations of the Act on social insurance, under which the pension is suspended when the contingency is a result of a violation of the law, a crime or an offence against morals or decency; and
- Article 22, in conjunction with Article 1(h) (concerning the level of cash sickness benefits).

III. Pensions and other cash benefits schemes

The Committee regrets to note that the Government has not provided the detailed information requested by the report forms under Conventions Nos 121 and 128 enabling it to assess the scope and level of benefits. As mentioned in the Committee’s previous comments related to the levels and coverage of pensions and other social security benefits, statutory social security benefits are still governed by the 1967 Act on social insurance, as amended. The Government indicates that the latest partial amendment to this Act in 2012 resulted in the extension of coverage to self-employed persons. As of 2015, 41.3 per cent of the population was insured with the IVSS and the number of pension beneficiaries from the various schemes put in place (IVSS for the contingencies of old age, invalidity, survivors; Amor Mayor non-contributory old-age pensions; etc.) grew by 527 per cent in the last 15 years. The Committee takes due note of this spectacular result. It also notes however the observations made by the ASI concerning the lack of verifiable statistical data on coverage, the erosion of benefits due to the high inflationary context, the fact that the Social Security Treasury, despite having been created, is still not totally operational, and questions the approach followed by the Government to extend coverage through uncoordinated efforts lacking an integrated legal framework and largely driven by electoral intent. The Committee once again requests the Government to provide detailed reports on Conventions Nos 102 (Parts II and VIII), 121 and 128 indicating the manner in which the national legislation and practice gives effect to each of the provisions of these Conventions based on the report form approved by the Governing Body of the ILO. In particular:

- With regard to the level of benefits: please demonstrate that cash benefits are of a level that is in conformity with the minimum established by Convention No. 121 in relation to employment injury benefit (Articles 13, 14(2) and 18(1), in conjunction with Article 19); and by Convention No. 128 in relation to old age, invalidity and survivors’ benefits (Articles 10, 17 and 23, in conjunction with Article 26).
- With regard to Convention No. 121: Article 4 (the need to cover effectively all employees (including apprentices) in the public and private sectors, including cooperatives, and, in the event of the death of the family breadwinner, the prescribed categories of beneficiaries); Article 7 (the need to indicate the conditions under which a commuting accident shall be considered to be an industrial accident giving entitlement to compensation under the social security legislation); Article 8 (the establishment of a list of occupational diseases in accordance with the Convention); Article 10(1) (the need to take the necessary measures to determine explicitly in the legislation the types of medical care provided by the IVSS to insured persons, which shall include at least the care enumerated in the Convention); Article 18 (in conjunction with Article 1(e)(i)) (the amendment of section 33 of the Act on social insurance with a view to raising from 14 to 15 years the age up to which children shall be entitled to a survivors’ pension); Article 21 (the need to provide the statistical data required in the report form as a basis for assessing the real impact of the adjustment of pensions, taking into account variations in the general level of earnings and in the cost of living); Article 22(1)(d) and (e) and (2) (the need to amend section 160 of the General Regulations of the Act on social insurance, under which the pension shall be suspended when the contingency is due to a violation of the law, a crime or an offence against morals or decency).
- With regard to Convention No. 128: Article 21(1) (in conjunction with Article 1(h)(i)) (the need to amend section 33 of the Act on social insurance to raise from 14 to 15 years the age up to which children shall be entitled to a survivors’ pension); Article 29 (the need to provide the statistical data required in the report form as a basis for assessing the real impact of adjustments of pensions, taking into account variations in the general level of earnings or in the cost of living); Article 32(1)(d) and (e) (the need to amend section 160 of the General Regulations of the Act on social insurance, under which the pension shall be suspended when the contingency is due to a violation of the law, a crime or an offence against morals or decency); Article 32(2) (the need to provide that when benefits are suspended, a proportion shall be provided to the dependants of the beneficiary); and Article 38 (indicate any increase in the number of employed persons protected in the agricultural sector).
- With regard to Convention No. 102: Articles 50 and 52 (in conjunction with Article 65) (the need to bring section 143 of the General Regulations on social security into line with section 11 of the Act on social insurance).

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2011, published 101st ILC session (2012)

The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is a party to the Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952 (No. 102), the Employment Injury Benefits Convention, 1964 (No. 121), the Invalidity, Old-Age and Survivors’ Benefits Convention, 1967 (No. 128), and to the Medical Care and Sickness Benefits Convention, 1969 (No. 130). Following the adoption of the new Constitution in 1999, the Government embarked upon a process of the systematic reform of the social security system with the adoption in 2002 of the Organic Act on the social security system (LOSSS), followed in 2005 by the adoption of the Organic Act on prevention, working conditions and the working environment (LOPCYMAT). In 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Confederation of Workers of Venezuela (CTV) and the Independent Trade Union Alliance (ASI) provided comments concerning the social security Conventions ratified by the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, reporting dysfunctions in the social security system and problems in the transition to the new system. In view of the need to address in a coherent manner all of the issues related to the reform of the social security system, the Committee has decided to regroup them in a single comment under Convention No. 102, as this is the instrument which establishes, in conjunction with the other social security Conventions, the general framework for the international obligations assumed by the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela in this field.

I. Establishment of an integrated social security system

The Constitution of 1999 establishes in article 86 the right of all persons to social security, which it defines as a non-profit-making public service providing guarantees for health and ensuring protection against the contingencies of maternity, paternity, sickness, invalidity, catastrophic diseases, incapacity, special needs, employment accidents, loss of employment, unemployment, old age, widowhood, the state of being an orphan, housing, the costs arising out of family life and in any other circumstance of social prevention. The State is assigned the obligation of ensuring that this right is given effect in practice through the establishment of a system of security that is universal, comprehensive, financed on the basis of solidarity, unified, efficient, participatory and based on direct or indirect contributions and regulated by a special organic act.

The LOSSS was adopted in 2002, providing for the establishment of an integrated social security system composed of six benefit schemes regulated by special legislation respecting health benefits, pensions and other cash benefits, social services, occupational safety and health and housing. A period of five years was established for the adoption of this legislation. The LOSSS also envisaged the creation of two new institutions: the Social Security Treasury, responsible for matters relating to affiliation, the collection of contributions and the payment of cash benefits; and the Social Security Supervisory Unit (Superintendencia), responsible for monitoring all the social security schemes providing benefits within the framework of the integrated social security system. The LOSSS represented considerable progress in the sustainable development of social security as it established a clear, firm and coordinated legal framework within which social security schemes were subject to the primacy of law, and accordingly facilitated the sound governance of social security schemes. Furthermore, the establishment of strong institutions responsible for administering and supervising the new social security system offered an important and indispensable guarantee of the operation and sound governance of the social security system.

The Committee notes that legislation has been adopted on social services, occupational health and safety and housing, thereby constituting a new institutional framework for social security. With regard to the two other schemes, namely the health and the pensions schemes, the special legislation envisaged by the LOSSS has still not been adopted, despite the fact that the period of five years established by the Organic Act has elapsed. According to the CTV and the ASI, the Government amended the LOSSS in 2007 to remove the five-year period initially set for the establishment of the integrated social security system. The latest reports provided by the Government in 2011 do not indicate the manner in which it intends continuing the implementation of the structural reform initiated by the LOSSS in relation to the health-care scheme and the pensions and other cash benefits scheme. Moreover, up to now, the two new entities referred to above have not yet been established, with the Government confining itself to indicating that the establishment of the Social Security Treasury was entrusted in 2006 to the People’s Ministry for Labour and Social Security. According to the ASI and the CTV, the lack of action by the Government demonstrates the absence of determination to implement the rights recognized both in the Constitution and the LOSSS. While recalling the positive measures adopted by the Government, the ASI considers that they only constitute fragmentary and partial responses and that they reveal the absence of a legal conception of social security requiring, for its implementation, legislative responses preceded by studies of feasibility and economic necessity. The scarce information provided by the Government on its legislative intentions and the criticisms made by the trade unions lead to doubts with regard to the determination of the Government to continue the establishment of the integrated social security system as a whole. With a view to dissipating these doubts, the Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate in its next report its political priorities for the implementation of the structures envisaged by the LOSSS in relation to the two benefit schemes that have not yet been established, with an indication, where appropriate, of whether a new time frame has been established for this purpose. The Committee hopes that the Government will be able to indicate in its next report the tangible progress made in the establishment of the new institutions referred to above.

II. Promotion of social dialogue

According to the ASI and the CTV, the difficulty in gaining access to information is the principal problem in evaluating the performance of the management and the results obtained in relation to social security. The fact that it is impossible to gain access to clear, reliable and official information, including statistics, prevents the parties concerned from engaging in effective monitoring of the rate of coverage and the management of the social security system. The organizations add that workers are not represented in either the Venezuelan Social Insurance Institute (IVSS) or the other public institutions, such as the National Institute for Prevention, Occupational Safety and Health (INAPSASEL) and the National Institute for Socialist Educational Cooperation (INCES). The ASI also reports the procedural difficulties encountered by users of the social security system in asserting their rights before the courts, as the Supreme Court of Justice (TSJ) has given contradictory indications with relation to the development that should characterize the implementation of the fundamental right to social security, particularly through delays in procedures and reversals of case law. The Office of the Attorney-General could also discharge its functions better by seeking to identify, where necessary, the responsible state officials and calling for sanctions to be imposed in the event of corruption, investigating user complaints promptly and determining responsibilities for the failure to establish the health and pensions schemes.

The Committee notes that the Government has not provided in its reports, including those for 2011, documented replies to the many comments made by the ASI and the CTV, and there is no indication that it has engaged with the social partners in constructive social dialogue relating to the implementation of the reform of the social security system. Noting that the Constitution recognizes the right and duty of associations to participate in decision-making in relation to the planning, implementation and monitoring of policy on public health institutions (article 84), the Committee wishes to recall that the success of reforms depends on consensus among the social partners and wide social acceptance, involving civil society organizations, the community and local administration. In view of their considerable expertise in the subject, the effective involvement of the social partners in the establishment of the new social security system would contribute to achieving progress in social security through the determination of the appropriate combination of schemes for the country. The time devoted to dialogue therefore represents a good investment and a saving of time when such dialogue results in broad social and political support for the necessary reforms, thereby giving rise to substantial economic and social advantages (see the General Survey on the social security instruments, Report III(1B), ILC, 2011, paragraph 558). The Committee therefore hopes that the Government will accord special attention to the comments and criticisms made by the trade union organizations with a view to completing the establishment of the integrated social security system, the beginnings of which were initiated by the LOSSS.

III Health benefits scheme

The 1999 Constitution recognizes that health constitutes a fundamental social right and an obligation upon the State, which is the guarantor of the right to life (article 83). The State is under the obligation to establish, finance and manage a public health system of an inter-sectoral nature, which is decentralized and participatory, integrated into the social security system and governed by the principles of universal free care, integrity, equity, social integration and solidarity (articles 84 and 85). The LOSSS established the legal framework for the implementation of these constitutional provisions and envisaged the adoption of specific legislation respecting health benefits for this purpose.

Nevertheless, the Government continues to refer to the 1967 Act on social insurance in relation to the legal framework applicable to health care. It also refers to the inclusion in the health programme of the progressive development of new medical consultation centres, comprehensive health services, the modernization of the hospital system and the construction of specialized health centres. According to the Government, this programme has resulted, up to now, in the establishment of some 1,600 consultation centres, 175 comprehensive diagnosis centres, 183 integral rehabilitation centres, six high-technology centres and a children’s cardiology hospital, with a view to enabling the 60 per cent of the population currently excluded from health care to be granted protection ultimately. The Government also refers to the establishment of social services in the field of health (misiones sociales Barrio Adentro I, II, III, IV) with the objective of protecting the health of the poorest persons and accordingly giving effect to the constitutional principle of free health care. The report provided by the Government in 2011 under Convention No. 130 is confined to indicating that there has been no change in the manner in which the Convention is applied.

On this subject, the ASI refers to a bill to implement the provisions of the LOSSS in the field of health, which was adopted on its first reading by Parliament in 2004, but has not become law, as it was not placed on the legislative agenda by the Government. While noting the various positive measures adopted by the Government in the field of health, the ASI considers that they are of an isolated nature and in practice are liable to result in the establishment of a health system under the control of the People’s Ministry of Health (MPPS), in parallel to the one administered by the IVSS, which would be in contradiction with the constitutional objective of the integration of the health system into the social security system. The ASI also expresses concern at the practice which consists of public institutions taking out health insurance for their employees with private providers for hospitalization, surgery and maternity. In practice, employees in the public sector continue to prefer using private health insurance because they consider that, in overall terms, the public health system is deficient. Although in 2009 the Government decided that all insurance policies of this type would in future be managed by a state body, it has still not determined the practical procedures for so doing. The consequence has been the transformation of the State into a collector of funding in support of the private health system, which prejudices not only the public social security system, but also workers, who are obliged to use part of their wages to cover health insurance in view of the absence of a public policy guaranteeing the constitutional rights to health and social security.

In light of this information, the Committee requests the Government to explain the reasons for the delays and impediments to the establishment of a public health-care scheme. The Committee recalls that the legislation on this subject, the 1967 Act on social insurance, is not adequate to guarantee that full effect is given to Convention No. 130. For many years, the Committee has been drawing the Government’s attention to the need to amend this Act to bring it into conformity with the obligations deriving from the international social security Conventions ratified by the country. The points raised above concern in particular the following provisions of Convention No. 130: Articles 10 and 19 (in conjunction with Article 5) (the need for effective coverage of either all employees and their dependants, or 75 per cent of the economically active population and their dependants); Article 13 (the need to provide copies of the laws and regulations specifying the medical care provided to the persons protected, in compliance with the minimum levels envisaged by this provision of the Convention); Article 16(1) (the need to bring section 127 of the General Regulations of the Act on social insurance into conformity with the established practice of the IVSS, which consists of providing medical assistance throughout the contingency); Article 16(2) and (3) (the need to provide a copy of any decision, circular or administrative rule of the IVSS setting out the practice which consists of providing medical care when the beneficiary is no longer part of one of the groups of protected persons in the case of sickness which began when the person concerned was still part of that group); Article 28(2) (the need to amend section 160 of the General Regulations of the Act on social insurance, under which the pension is suspended when the contingency is a result of a violation of the law, a crime or an offence against morals or decency; and Article 22, in conjunction with Article 1(h) (concerning the level of cash sickness benefits). While awaiting the implementation of the part of the LOSSS respecting health, the Committee requests the Government to indicate in its next report the measures adopted to give effect to each of the provisions of the Convention referred to above. The Committee also hopes that the next report will reply to the allegations made by the CTV and the ASI concerning the operation of the health system.

IV. The pensions and other cash benefits scheme

In parallel with the situation regarding health benefits, the Committee notes that social security cash benefits are still governed by the 1967 Act on social insurance. Following the adoption of the new Constitution in 1999, invalidity, old-age and, since 2010, survivors’ pensions have been provided at the rate of the minimum wage, which is adjusted each year. The Government adds that it has ensured the provision of all of the financial resources necessary for the social security system and has also assumed the responsibility entrusted to it by the Constitution by extending the coverage of social security and improving the effectiveness and equity of the distribution of public resources. The policy adopted has permitted a better redistribution of household income, an improvement in the situation in the poorest categories and a progression of the country in terms of the Human Development Index. In 2007, Presidential Decree No. 5316 extended old-age coverage to around 100,000 persons aged 70 and above residing in the country, in the context of an exceptional and temporary programme. In 2010, two other exceptional and temporary decrees were also adopted: Decree No. 7401 establishing an exceptional and temporary programme with a view to guaranteeing entitlement to an old-age pension to insured persons of pensionable age who, although they had paid at least a contribution during their professional life, do not fulfil the conditions for entitlement to a pension. Decree No. 7402 places the obligation upon the IVSS to pay old-age benefits to around 20,000 rural workers and fishers who have reached the age of 60 in the case of men and 55 in the case of women. According to the information provided by the Government, during the period covered by the 2006–11 report, the number of pensioners under the social security system is reported to have risen from 944,475 to 1,825,192 persons. The percentage of older persons (women aged over 55 years and men aged over 60 years) covered by the social security system rose from 24.36 per cent in 1998 to 57.06 per cent in 2009.

While emphasizing the efforts made by the Government to extend the coverage of the contributory system (6,701,444 persons covered in 2009) and to ensure old-age coverage to elderly persons who are excluded from it, the ASI recalls that over 1 million persons do not have old-age pensions and it expresses doubts as to the process selected by the Government to guarantee this coverage, through the adoption of different decrees for each of the categories concerned. Measures for the provision of special pensions, in the view of the ASI, represent uncoordinated efforts lacking an integrated legal framework, which are largely inadequate to resolve the structural problem related to the coverage of the contingency of old age. The ASI also refers to the lack of clarity and legal certainty in relation to entitlement to cash benefits and their level, which has serious consequences on the operation of the judicial system and the recognition of acquired rights, both by the administration and by the courts. A ruling by the Supreme Court of Justice in 2005 ordering old-age and survivors’ benefits to be calculated on the basis of previous earnings (TSJ, Social Chamber, Case No. 0816 of 26 July 2005) was accordingly ignored by the court entrusted with its enforcement, which approved the reduction of the level of pensions due to that of the minimum wage. Recently, a legal challenge, which is awaiting a ruling on its receivability by the Constitutional Chamber of the TSJ, lodged by the Venezuelan Programme for Education-Action in the Field of Human Rights (PROVEA) is calling for the failure to adopt legislation regulating the pensions system to be declared unconstitutional. According to the ASI, the adoption of the law on the pensions scheme and other cash benefits envisaged in the LOSSS would have the advantage of clarifying the situation in law and re-establishing the link between pension benefits and the previous earnings of beneficiaries. The ASI adds that the LOPCYMAT is still not applied in practice in relation to employment injury pensions, while awaiting the establishment of the new institutions envisaged by the LOSSS.

The Committee regrets that the Government has not replied to the detailed allegations made by the CTV and the ASI and that it has confined itself to indicating in its 2011 reports under Conventions Nos 121 and 128 that there is no change to be reported in the manner in which these Conventions are implemented, without indicating the way in which it intends to continue the implementation of the LOSSS. The Committee requests the Government to indicate its political intentions with regard to the adoption of the legislation respecting the pensions and other cash benefits scheme.

With regard to the implementation of the social security Conventions by the legislation that is currently applicable, the Committee notes that the information provided by the Government is confined to referring to the various legislative provisions, even though it has been drawing its attention for many years to the need to provide all the information requested in the report form. The Committee therefore requests the Government to provide detailed information in its next report in relation to the instruments mentioned below, based on the report forms, indicating the manner in which the applicable legislation, including the various exceptional and temporary measures adopted by the Government, gives effect to Conventions Nos 102, 121 and 128.

– With regard to the level of benefits: please demonstrate that cash benefits are of a level that is in conformity with the minimum established by Convention No. 121 in relation to employment injury benefit (Articles 13, 14(2) and 18(1), in conjunction with Article 19); and by Convention No. 128 in relation to old-age, invalidity and survivors’ benefit (Articles 10, 17 and 23, in conjunction with Article 26).

– With regard to Convention No. 121: Article 4 (the need to cover effectively all employees (including apprentices) in the public and private sectors, including cooperatives, and, in the event of the death of the family breadwinner, the prescribed categories of beneficiaries); Article 7 (the need to indicate the conditions under which a commuting accident shall be considered to be an industrial accident giving entitlement to compensation under the social security legislation); Article 8 (the establishment of a list of occupational diseases in accordance with the Convention); Article 10(1) (the need to take the necessary measures to determine explicitly in the legislation the types of medical care provided by the IVSS to insured persons, which shall include at least the care enumerated in the Convention); Article 18 (in conjunction with Article 1(e)(i)) (the amendment of section 33 of the Act on social insurance with a view to raising from 14 to 15 years the age up to which children shall be entitled to a survivors’ pension); Article 21 (the need to provide the statistical data required in the report form as a basis for assessing the real impact of the adjustment of pensions, taking into account variations in the general level of earnings and in the cost of living); Article 22(1)(d) and (e) and (2) (the need to amend section 160 of the General Regulations of the Act on social insurance, under which the pension shall be suspended when the contingency is due to a violation of the law, a crime or an offence against morals or decency).

– With regard to Convention No. 128: Article 21(1) (in conjunction with Article 1(h)(i) (the need to amend section 33 of the Act on social insurance to raise from 14 to 15 years the age up to which children shall be entitled to a survivors’ pension); Article 29 (the need to provide the statistical data required in the report form as a basis for assessing the real impact of adjustments of pensions, taking into account variations in the general level of earnings or in the cost of living); Article 32(1)(d) and (e) (the need to amend section 160 of the General Regulations of the Act on social insurance, under which the pension shall be suspended when the contingency is due to a violation of the law, a crime or an offence against morals or decency); Article 32(2) (the need to provide that when benefits are suspended, a proportion shall be provided to the dependants of the beneficiary); and Article 38 (indicate any increase in the number of employed persons protected in the agricultural sector).

– With regard to Convention No. 102: Articles 50 and 52 (in conjunction with Article 65) (the need to bring section 143 of the General Regulations on social security into line with section 11 of the Act on social insurance).

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2008, published 98th ILC session (2009)

The Committee notes the information provided by the Government in its report, including the statistical data on the population protected by the Venezuelan Social Security Institute (IVSS).

In its previous comments, the Committee noted the adoption of the new Organic Act on the Social Security System, and also of the laws regulating the pensions and health subsystems, which came into force on 30 December 2002 and 31 December 2001 respectively. It noted that section 1 of the new Organic Act states that the purpose of the Act is to institute the social security system, establish and regulate its mandate, organization, functioning and financing, the management of its benefit systems and the manner in which the right to social security is given effect to in respect of persons subject to its scope of application, as a non-profit public service. The Government indicates in its report that the laws adopted by the previous administration never came into force, since they were repeatedly deferred by the National Assembly. The Government reports, however, on the adoption in 2004 and 2005 of laws on health, working conditions and the work environment, which are at an initial stage of implementation. The Government indicates that, during the transition period from the old to the new system, some of the previous laws and their respective regulations remained in force, and are currently applied to cover the various contingencies of the social security system. Once the new system is fully operational, the Government will refer to the observations, and particularly as regards the articles to the non‑observance which, has been highlighted by the Committee. The Committee therefore requests the Government to specify the laws which are currently in force and indicate to what extent the new legislation enables effect to be given to each of the provisions of the Convention, supplying for this purpose the information, including statistics, requested in the report form in respect of Parts II and VIII of the Convention. It also requests the Government to provide the regulations giving effect to the new legislation.

The Committee hopes that the next report will also contain information on the measures adopted to give effect to the following provisions of the Convention on which it has been making comments for many years: Articles 9 and 48 (scope of application of insurance in relation to medical assistance and maternity benefits); Article 10, paragraph 1(a) (specification in the legislation of the types of medical assistance that must be guaranteed for protected persons); Article 50 (in relation to Article 65); and Article 52 (duration of maternity benefit).

[The Government is asked to reply in detail to the present comments in 2010.]

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2005, published 95th ILC session (2006)

1. The Committee notes the information provided by the Government in its reports relating to Conventions Nos. 102, 118, 121, 128 and 130. It notes the adoption of the new Organic Act on the Social Security System, as well as that of the Acts regulating the pensions and health subsystems, which entered into force on 30 December 2002 and 31 December 2001, respectively. The Committee notes that, as stated in its first section, the objective of the new Organic Act is to establish the social security system, establish and regulate its mandate, organization, functioning and financing, the management of its benefit systems and the manner in which entitlement to social security benefits is given effect with regard to persons subject to its scope of application, as a non-profit public service. The Committee requests the Government to provide detailed information on the extent to which its new legislation gives effect to each of the provisions of the Convention, transmitting in this regard the information requested in the report form approved by the Governing Body, including statistics with regard to Parts II and VIII of the Convention. The Committee also requests the Government to transmit the regulations concerning the application of the new legislation.

2. The Committee hopes that the next report will also contain information on the measures adopted to give effect to the following provisions with regard to which it has been making comments for several years: Articles 9 and 48 (scope of application of insurance with regard to medical assistance and maternity benefits); Article 10, paragraph 1(a) (specification in the legislation of the types of medical assistance which must be guaranteed for those persons covered); Article 50 (in relation with Article 65) and Article 52 (duration of maternity benefits).

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2000, published 89th ILC session (2001)

The Committee notes the information supplied by the Government in its reports on Conventions 102, 121, 128 and 130. It understands, moreover, that the reforms to the health and pensions systems which were envisaged have not been implemented, as the new Government has decided to conduct a global re‑examination of the matter. The Committee therefore hopes that the Government’s next report will contain full information on all measures taken or envisaged subsequent to this examination and that, in this context, due account will be taken of the obligations arising from ratification of the Convention, and particularly the following provisions which have been the subject of its comments for many years: Articles 9 and 48 of the Convention (scope of the insurance in regard to medical care and maternity benefit); Article 10, paragraph 1(a) (specification in legislation of the types of medical care that shall be provided for the persons protected); Article 50 (in conjunction with Article 65); and Article 52 (duration of maternity benefit).

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 1996, published 85th ILC session (1997)

Part II (Medical care), Article 9, and Part VIII (Maternity benefit), Article 48, of the Convention. The Committee notes the information supplied by the Government in reply to its previous comments concerning the scope of the general social security scheme. In particular, it notes with interest that the number of insured persons under the general scheme rose from 1,942,054 in 1994 to 2,516,680 in 1995. Furthermore, it notes that, according to the information contained in the Statistics Yearbook for Venezuela of 1994, the number of employees was 4,557,327 in 1994. The Committee therefore considers that the provisions of Articles 9(a) and 48(a) of the Convention can be considered to be applied, provided that the total number of employees remained constant in 1995. The Committee therefore hopes that the Government will be able to provide updated information in its next report both on the number of employees protected under the general social security scheme and on the total number of employees for the same reference period.

Part II (Medical care), Article 10, paragraph 1(a). In reply to the Committee's previous comments, the Government recalls that, in so far as medical care is concerned, the activities of the IVSS are governed by the Social Insurance Act and its general regulations. While noting this statement, the Committee once again draws the Government's attention to the fact that this legislation does not specify the types of medical care that must be provided to the protected persons, under the terms of Article 10, paragraph 1(a), of the Convention. It therefore hopes that the Government's next report will contain detailed information on the measures that have been taken or are envisaged to set out in the social security legislation or its regulations the types of medical care to be provided in accordance with this provision of the Convention.

Part VIII (Maternity benefit), Article 50 (in conjunction with Article 65) and Article 52. The Committee notes with interest that section 11 of the Social Insurance Act, as amended in the partial reform of 20 July 1991, henceforth provides that insured persons are entitled to medical care and a daily benefit during the maternity leave provided for by the law, and that the above benefit cannot be less than the normal wage received by the woman worker in the month immediately preceding the commencement of the leave. The Committee hopes that the Government's next report will contain detailed information on the measures taken or envisaged to bring section 143 of the general social security regulations into conformity with section 11 of the Social Insurance Act, as amended.

[The Government is asked to provide a detailed report for 1998.]

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 1995, published 83rd ILC session (1996)

Part II (Medical care), Article 9, and Part VIII (Maternity benefit), Article 48. With reference to its previous comments, the Committee notes with interest, from the Government's report, that the coverage of the general social security scheme has been extended to the public sector employees, as regards medical care and cash benefit for temporary incapacity, by Decree No. 3325 of 13 January 1994, and that basic principles permitting the affiliation of artisans and artists to this scheme were laid down by Decree No. 2558 of 1992. The Government adds that studies have been carried out with a view to further extending its coverage to some other categories of workers and geographical regions of the country. As the statistical data also supplied by the Government with its report does not yet reflect these changes, the Committee would be grateful if the Government's next report would contain up-to-date statistical information in the form required under Title I, article 76, paragraph 1(b), of the report form on the Convention adopted by the Governing Body, specifying in particular the number of employees protected in relation to the total number of employees.

Part II (Medical care), Article 10, paragraph 1(a). The Committee notes the information provided by the Government with respect to restructuring of the Venezuelan Social Security Institute (IVSS) and decentralizing its medical care services, as well as the regulations of hospitals of the IVSS. In view of the fact that neither the Social Insurance Act, nor the General Regulations issued under it, specify the types of medical care ensured to the protected persons, the Committee would like the Government to indicate what specific provisions in laws, regulations or administrative rules guarantee the provision of the types of the medical care required by Article 10, paragraph 1(a), of the Convention. Please supply also, when adopted, a copy of the internal rules to be issued by the Board of Governors of the IVSS in pursuance of section 119 of the above-mentioned General Regulations stipulating that the IVSS will provide medical care in the form and conditions set forth by the Board.

Part VIII (Maternity benefit), Article 50 (in conjunction with Article 65). Further to its previous comments, the Committee recalls that by virtue of section 98 of the General Regulations of the Social Insurance Act, a ceiling is applied to the wages that are subject to social security contributions; it therefore has requested the Government since 1989 to supply statistical information enabling it to verify that the amount of maternity benefit attains the percentage prescribed by the Convention (45 per cent) for a women employee whose wage is equal to that of a skilled manual male employee, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 65 of the Convention. In reply, the Government once again referred to the statistical information compiled by the IVSS which however does not contain the required data. In this situation, the Committee strongly hopes that the Government will take the necessary measures in order to compile and to supply in its next report the statistical information requested in Titles I and V under article 65 of the report form on the Convention adopted by the Governing Body.

Part VIII (Maternity benefit), Article 52. In reply to the Committee's previous comments, the Government indicates that the payment of the postnatal maternity benefit is made in accordance with section 385 of the Organic Labour Act, in force from 1 May 1991, and not in accordance with section 143 of the General Regulations of the Social Insurance Act. The said Regulations will be amended to expressly extend the duration of the payment of postnatal maternity benefit to the end of the 12 week-period of postnatal maternity leave established by section 385. The Committee notes this information with interest. It hopes that this amendment will be adopted soon so as to formally harmonize the social security legislation with the Organic Labour Act in this respect, in line with Article 52 of the Convention.

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 1994, published 81st ILC session (1994)

Part II (Medical care), Article 9, and Part VIII (Maternity benefit), Article 48. The Committee notes the statistical information supplied by the Government on the scope of the two parts of the Convention referred to. It notes with interest, in particular, the information on the extension of the coverage of the social security scheme to the working population of other sectors in various parts of the country. The Committee notes that, according to the statistics supplied, in 1992 the number of persons covered by the general scheme of the Venezuelan Social Security Institute stood at 2,034,494 and that of the active population, 6,654,556. In this connection, the Committee observes that, according to the ILO Bulletin of Labour Statistics for 1993, the total number of wage earners in 1991 stood at 4,534,709 and that the percentage of employees protected (45 per cent) does not therefore seem fully to meet the requirement of paragraphs (a) of Articles 9 and 48 of the Convention (50 per cent of all employees). In these circumstances, the Committee hopes that the Government will pursue its efforts gradually to extend the social security scheme to new categories of employees. It asks the Government to provide information on all progress made in this respect. The Government is also asked to continue to provide the statistical information referred to, which is required under Title I of the report form adopted by the Governing Body, Article 76, paragraph 1(b), of the Convention, specifying the total number of employees protected, not only under the general scheme but also under special schemes, and the total number of employees for the same period.

Part II (Medical care), Article 10, paragraph 1(a). In answer to the Committee's previous comments, the Government states that the Board of Governors of the Venezuelan Social Security Institute (IVSS) has not yet adopted new internal rules under section 119 of the General Regulations of the Social Security Act, in view of the restructuring of the IVSS now under way, one of whose objectives is to create a governing body which will have the functions of the present Board of Governors. The Committee notes this statement, as well as the text of the Act respecting the restructuring of the IVSS of 20 March 1992. It asks the Government to report on progress in the restructuring. The Government is also asked to provide the text of any specific regulations or agreements enabling it to ascertain the nature of the various medical benefits granted in conformity with Article 10, paragraph 1(a) of the Convention.

Part VIII (Maternity benefit), Article 50 (read in conjunction with Article 65). The Committee notes that the Government's report does not contain the statistical information which it requested and which it needs to ascertain whether the amount of maternity benefits attains the percentage prescribed by the Convention (45 per cent) for a standard beneficiary whose wage is equal to that of a skilled manual male employee, in accordance with Article 65, paragraph 3.

The Committee asks the Government to provide, in particular, the statistical information requested in Titles I and V, Article 65, of the report form adopted by the Governing Body.

Part VIII (Maternity benefit), Article 52. (1) The Committee notes with interest that, under section 385 of the Organic Labour Act which came into effect on 1 May 1991, the postnatal maternity rest period is 12 weeks. It also notes with interest the Government's statement that the social security legislation which provides for the payment of postnatal maternity benefit for a shorter period than the one prescribed in the new Organic Labour Act, will be brought into line with the latter. The Committee asks the Government to indicate the measures it plans to take to harmonize the social security legislation with the Organic Labour Act in this respect, in conformity with Article 52 of the Convention, which provides that when national laws or regulations require or authorize a longer period of abstention from work, maternity periodical payments may not be limited to a period less than such longer period.

(2) The Committee observes that, according to the Government's report, under section 143 of the General Regulations of the Social Security Act, insured persons are entitled to maternity benefit equivalent to "six weeks before the probable date of confinement and ten further weeks starting from the date of the confinement". Since the texts available at the Office (section 11 of the Social Security Act, 1967 version; and section 143 of the General Regulations, 1979 version), postnatal maternity benefit is equivalent to six weeks, the Committee asks the Government to indicate under which provision the social security legislation was amended, and to provide a copy of it.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1993, published 80th ILC session (1993)

The Committee notes that the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Part II (Medical Care), Article 9, and Part VIII (Maternity Benefit), Article 48. In reply to the Committee's previous comments concerning the scope of the above two Parts of the Convention, the Government indicates that it has recourse to paragraph (a) of Articles 9 and 48. It also reports the creation of new medical centres and hospitals in the country. The Committee notes this information.

The Committee also notes the difficulties encountered by the Government in supplying the requested statistics. In this connection, it wishes to refer to paragraph 67 of its 1989 General Survey on Social Security Protection in Old-Age, in which it emphasises the following: "... However, international comparison is not the only purpose of compiling statistical information. An efficient system for gathering statistics is an invaluable and indispensable tool providing the national authorities with access to important information on the way in which their social security scheme operates in practice, enabling them to draw on their experience in the future. As regards coverage in particular, keeping statistics in this field should help social security bodies to verify whether all of the persons covered by social security legislation are in fact protected in practice ...". In view of the importance of this matter, the Committee therefore hopes that the Government will be able to overcome the difficulties that it has encountered and that it will be able to supply with its next report all the statistical information called for in the report form under Article 76, paragraph 1(b), of the Convention as regards both the total number of employees protected under each scheme and the total number of employees. It also requests the Government to report any progress achieved in the extension of the social security scheme to the various regions of the country.

Part II (Medical Care), Article 10, paragraph 1(a). The Committee once again requests the Government to supply copies of the internal regulations issued by the Governing Body of the Venezuelan Social Insurance Institute under section 119 of the General Regulations issued under the Social Insurance Act.

Part VIII (Maternity Benefit), Article 50 (in conjunction with Article 65). The Committee notes the Government's statement that it has recourse to Article 65 for the calculation of maternity benefits. In view of the fact that a ceiling is applied to the wages that are subject to contributions, the Committee hopes that the Government's next report will supply statistical information enabling it to verify that the amount of maternity benefit attains the percentage prescribed by the Convention (45 per cent) for a standard beneficiary whose wage is equal to that of a skilled manual male employee, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 65. Please, in particular, supply the statistical information called for under Titles I and V, Article 65 of the report form adopted by the Governing Body.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1990, published 77th ILC session (1990)

1. The Committee notes the information supplied by the Government in reply to its previous direct request concerning Part II (Medical Care), Article 10, paragraph 4, of the Convention, and Part VIII (Maternity Benefit), Article 49, paragraph 4.

2. Part II (Medical Care), Article 9, and Part VIII (Maternity Benefit), Article 48. In reply to the Committee's previous comments concerning the scope of the above two Parts of the Convention, the Government indicates that it has recourse to paragraph (a) of Articles 9 and 48. It also reports the creation of new medical centres and hospitals in the country. The Committee notes this information.

3. Part II (Medical Care), Article 10, paragraph 1(a). The Committee once again requests the Government to supply copies of the internal regulations issued by the Governing Body of the Venezuelan Social Insurance Institute under section 119 of the General Regulations issued under the Social Insurance Act.

4. Part VIII (Maternity Benefit), Article 50 (in conjunction with Article 65). The Committee notes the Government's statement that it has recourse to Article 65 for the calculation of maternity benefits. In view of the fact that a ceiling is applied to the wages that are subject to contributions, the Committee hopes that the Government's next report will supply statistical information enabling it to verify that the amount of maternity benefit attains the percentage prescribed by the Convention (45 per cent) for a standard beneficiary whose wage is equal to that of a skilled manual male employee, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 65. Please, in particular, supply the statistical information called for under Titles I and V, Article 65 of the report form adopted by the Governing Body.