Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2023, published 112nd ILC session (2024)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2020, published 109th ILC session (2021)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2019, published 109th ILC session (2021)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2016, published 106th ILC session (2017)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2014, published 104th ILC session (2015)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2013, published 103rd ILC session (2014)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2011, published 101st ILC session (2012)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2009, published 99th ILC session (2010)

Article 2, paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. Work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws. The Committee previously noted that section 1 of the Act on the general military duties and on military service of 1993 (as amended) refers to a citizen’s right to perform an alternative (non-military) service in accordance with the law. The Committee requested the Government to provide information on provisions governing such alternative (non-military) service. The Government indicates in its report that a law governing this issue has not yet been adopted. The Committee requests the Government to supply a copy of the law on alternative (non-military) service referred to in section 1 of the above-mentioned Act, as soon as it has been adopted.

Article 2, paragraph 2(c). Work of prisoners for private enterprises. The Committee has noted that under section 107(1) of the Code on the Execution of Criminal Sentences, every convicted person is under an obligation to work, such work being exacted from convicts either at enterprises of penitentiary institutions and at other state-owned enterprises, or at enterprises based on other forms of ownership. It follows from the wording of section 107(1) that compulsory prison labour can be used both at the state-owned and private enterprises. As regards conditions of work of convicted persons, the Committee has noted that under section 108 of the Code on the Execution of Criminal Sentences, hours of work and rest periods, as well as occupational safety and health, are governed by the general labour legislation. In virtue of sections 109 and 111 of the Code, convicted persons’ remuneration is also governed by the labour legislation; their monthly wages cannot be lower than the legally established minimum wage, and deductions from wages (for board and lodging and on the basis of execution documents) cannot exceed 75 per cent of their monthly earnings. Section 103 of the Code provides for the convicted persons’ social security rights, including old-age pension rights, under the compulsory State social security schemes.

As regards prison labour for private enterprises, the Committee draws the Government’s attention to the provisions of Article 2(2)(c) of the Convention, which expressly prohibits that convicted prisoners are hired to or placed at the disposal of private individuals, companies or associations, in a sense that the exception from the scope of the Convention provided for in this Article for compulsory prison labour does not extend to work of prisoners for private employers, even under public supervision and control.

However, while Article 2(2)(c) of the Convention strictly prohibits that prisoners be hired to or placed at the disposal of private enterprises, the Committee has considered, as explained in paragraphs 59 and 60 of its 2007 General Survey on the eradication of forced labour, that work for private enterprises can be compatible with Article 2(2)(c) only where prisoners voluntarily enter a normal employment relationship with private employers and perform work in conditions approximating a free employment relationship. This arrangement necessarily requires the formal consent of the person concerned and, in the light of the circumstances of the consent, i.e. the basic obligation to perform prison labour and other restrictions on the prisoner’s freedom to take up normal employment, there must be further guarantees and safeguards covering the essential elements of a labour relationship, such as conditions of work, wages and social security. If the above conditions are complied with, the work of prisoners will be removed from the scope of Article 2(2)(c) of the Convention, since no compulsion is involved.

While noting that, under the national provisions referred to above, prisoners’ conditions of work may be considered as approximating those of a free labour relationship, the Committee requests the Government to indicate whether and how the voluntary consent of the prisoners to work for private enterprises is obtained, such consent being free from the menace of any penalty, including the loss of rights or privileges. Please also supply sample copies of contracts concluded between a private enterprise and a penitentiary institution, as well as of any contracts between prisoners and a private enterprise.

Article 2, paragraph 2(d). Work exacted in cases of emergency. The Committee previously noted that any work exacted in cases of emergency is excluded from the prohibition of forced labour under section 8(2) of the Labour Code. It also noted that under article 46 of the Constitution of Tajikistan, a state of emergency may be declared, as a temporary measure, for a period of up to three months. The Committee has noted the adoption of the Law on the protection of population in the emergency situations (No. 588, of 8 July 2004). It has noted that, under section 19 of the Law, the citizens of Tajikistan must assist in the performance of rescue and other urgent works. The Committee requests the Government to indicate, in its next report, what guarantees are provided to ensure that the power to call up labour during a state of emergency is limited to what is strictly required by the exigencies of the situation and that work exacted in case of emergency shall cease as soon as the circumstances that endanger the population or its normal living conditions no longer exist.

Article 25. Penal sanctions for the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour. The Committee has noted the Criminal Code provisions contained in sections 130 (Trafficking in Human Beings) and 132 (Recruitment of Persons for Exploitation). It requests the Government to provide information on the legal proceedings which have been instituted under these sections of the Criminal Code, indicating the penalties imposed on perpetrators. The Committee also asks the Government to indicate, in its next report, whether any legal proceedings have been instituted under sections 130(3)(b) (Abduction) and 131(3)(b) (Illegal Deprivation of Freedom) of the Criminal Code, in relation to the crimes committed for the purpose of sexual or labour exploitation. Please also provide information on the application in practice of section 153 of the Criminal Code (Violation of the Labour Legislation), referred to by the Government in its report, indicating, in particular, whether this section is applicable to cases of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2007, published 97th ILC session (2008)

The Committee notes with regret that no report has been received from the Government for the fifth year in succession. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Article 2(2)(a) of the Convention. The Committee has noted that section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997 excludes from the prohibition of forced labour any work exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws. It has also noted that section 1 of the Act on the general military duties and on military service of 1993 (as amended on 1 August 1997) refers to a citizen’s right to perform an alternative (non-military) service in accordance with the law. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide, in its next report, information on provisions governing such alternative (non-military) service. Please indicate, in particular, whether the law on alternative (non-military) service referred to in section 1 of the abovementioned Act has been adopted and, if so, please supply a copy.

Article 2(2)(c). The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply, with its next report, copies of updated texts of the Correctional Labour Code and any other texts of laws or regulations in force concerning prison labour. Please indicate whether prison labour must be in all cases performed in prisons or in enterprises belonging to the executive penal system or in other state-owned enterprises, and what guarantees are provided to ensure that convicted prisoners are not hired to or placed at the disposal of private individuals, companies or associations.

Article 2(2)(d). The Committee has noted the provisions of the Constitution concerning a state of emergency and, in particular, that the legal regime of a state of emergency is determined by a constitutional law (article 47). It would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, whether such a constitutional law has been adopted and, in the affirmative, supply a copy of its text. Noting that any work exacted in cases of emergency is excluded from the prohibition of forced labour under section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997, the Committee asks the Government to indicate, in its next report, what guarantees are provided to ensure that the power to call up labour during a state of emergency is limited to what is strictly required by the exigencies of the situation and that work exacted in case of emergency shall cease as soon as the circumstances that endanger the population or its normal living conditions no longer exist.

Article 2(2)(e). Please indicate whether minor communal services may be exacted, in the direct interest of the community, as normal civic obligations of its members and, if so, whether the members of the community or their direct representatives have the right to be consulted in regard to the need for such services.

Article 25. The Committee has noted the Government’s general statement in its first report that sanctions for the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour are provided for in the Criminal Code. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, any penal provisions applicable in case of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour. Please also furnish information on any legal proceedings which may have been instituted as a consequence of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour and on any penalties imposed.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2004, published 93rd ILC session (2005)

The Committee notes with regret that no report has been received from the Government for the fourth year in succession. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the following matters raised in its previous direct request:

1. Article 2, paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. The Committee has noted that section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997 excludes from the prohibition of forced labour any work exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws. It has also noted that section 1 of the Act on the general military duties and on military service of 1993 (as amended on 1 August 1997) refers to a citizen’s right to perform an alternative (non-military) service in accordance with the law. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide, in its next report, information on provisions governing such alternative (non-military) service. Please indicate, in particular, whether the law on alternative (non-military) service referred to in section 1 of the abovementioned Act has been adopted and, if so, please supply a copy.

Article 2, paragraph 2(c). The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply, with its next report, a copy of the Criminal Code of 21 May 1998 (No. 517), as well as copies of updated texts of the Correctional Labour Code and any other texts of laws or regulations in force concerning prison labour. Please indicate whether prison labour must be in all cases performed in prisons or in enterprises belonging to the executive penal system or in other state-owned enterprises, and what guarantees are provided to ensure that convicted prisoners are not hired to or placed at the disposal of private individuals, companies or associations.

Article 2, paragraph 2(d). The Committee has noted the provisions of the Constitution concerning a state of emergency and, in particular, that the legal regime of a state of emergency is determined by a constitutional law (article 47). It would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, whether such a constitutional law has been adopted and, in the affirmative, supply a copy of its text. Noting that any work exacted in cases of emergency is excluded from the prohibition of forced labour under section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997, the Committee asks the Government to indicate, in its next report, what guarantees are provided to ensure that the power to call up labour during a state of emergency is limited to what is strictly required by the exigencies of the situation and that work exacted in case of emergency shall cease as soon as the circumstances that endanger the population or its normal living conditions no longer exist.

Article 2, paragraph 2(e). Please indicate whether minor communal services may be exacted, in the direct interest of the community, as normal civic obligations of its members and, if so, whether the members of the community or their direct representatives have the right to be consulted in regard to the need for such services.

Article 25. The Committee has noted the Government’s general statement in its first report that sanctions for the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour are provided for in the Criminal Code. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, any penal provisions applicable in case of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour. Please also furnish information on any legal proceedings which may have been instituted as a consequence of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour and on any penalties imposed.

2. Referring to the general observation on the Convention made in its report to the 87th Session of the International Labour Conference (1999), the Committee requests the Government to include in its next report information as to the present position in law and practice as regards:

(i)  whether there are prisons administered by private concerns, profit-making or otherwise;

(ii)  whether any private prison contractors deploy prisoners to work either inside or outside prison premises, either for the account of the contractor or for that of another enterprise;

(iii)  whether private parties are admitted by the prison authorities into prison premises of any kind for the purpose of engaging prisoners in employment;

(iv)  whether employment of prisoners outside prison premises, either for a public authority or for a private enterprise, is allowed;

(v)  the conditions in which employment under any of the above conditions takes place, in respect of remuneration (indicating the level and comparing it with any minimum wage normally applicable to such work), benefits accruing (such as pension rights and workers’ compensation), observance of occupational safety and health legislation and other conditions of employment (e.g. through labour inspection), and how those conditions are determined;

(vi)  what the source of any remuneration is (whether from public or private funds) and for what purposes it must or may be applied (e.g. for the personal use of the prisoner or if it is subject to compulsory deductions);

(vii)  for whose benefit is the product of prisoners’ work and any surplus profit deriving from it, after deduction of overheads, and how it is disbursed;

(viii)how the consent of the prisoners concerned is guaranteed, so that it is free from the menace of any penalty, including any loss of privileges or other disadvantages following from a refusal to work.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2003, published 92nd ILC session (2004)

The Committee notes with regret that no report has been received from the Government for the third year in succession. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the following matters raised in its previous direct request:

1. Article 2, paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. The Committee has noted that section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997 excludes from the prohibition of forced labour any work exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws. It has also noted that section 1 of the Act on the general military duties and on military service of 1993 (as amended on 1 August 1997) refers to a citizen’s right to perform an alternative (non-military) service in accordance with the law. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide, in its next report, information on provisions governing such alternative (non-military) service. Please indicate, in particular, whether the law on alternative (non-military) service referred to in section 1 of the abovementioned Act has been adopted and, if so, please supply a copy.

Article 2, paragraph 2(c). The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply, with its next report, a copy of the Criminal Code of 21 May 1998 (No. 517), as well as copies of updated texts of the Correctional Labour Code and any other texts of laws or regulations in force concerning prison labour. Please indicate whether prison labour must be in all cases performed in prisons or in enterprises belonging to the executive penal system or in other state-owned enterprises, and what guarantees are provided to ensure that convicted prisoners are not hired to or placed at the disposal of private individuals, companies or associations.

Article 2, paragraph 2(d). The Committee has noted the provisions of the Constitution concerning a state of emergency and, in particular, that the legal regime of a state of emergency is determined by a constitutional law (article 47). It would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, whether such a constitutional law has been adopted and, in the affirmative, supply a copy of its text. Noting that any work exacted in cases of emergency is excluded from the prohibition of forced labour under section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997, the Committee asks the Government to indicate, in its next report, what guarantees are provided to ensure that the power to call up labour during a state of emergency is limited to what is strictly required by the exigencies of the situation and that work exacted in case of emergency shall cease as soon as the circumstances that endanger the population or its normal living conditions no longer exist.

Article 2, paragraph 2(e). Please indicate whether minor communal services may be exacted, in the direct interest of the community, as normal civic obligations of its members and, if so, whether the members of the community or their direct representatives have the right to be consulted in regard to the need for such services.

Article 25. The Committee has noted the Government’s general statement in its first report that sanctions for the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour are provided for in the Criminal Code. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, any penal provisions applicable in case of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour. Please also furnish information on any legal proceedings which may have been instituted as a consequence of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour and on any penalties imposed.

2. Referring to the general observation on the Convention made in its report to the 87th Session of the International Labour Conference (1999), the Committee requests the Government to include in its next report information as to the present position in law and practice as regards:

(i)  whether there are prisons administered by private concerns, profit-making or otherwise;

(ii)  whether any private prison contractors deploy prisoners to work either inside or outside prison premises, either for the account of the contractor or for that of another enterprise;

(iii)  whether private parties are admitted by the prison authorities into prison premises of any kind for the purpose of engaging prisoners in employment;

(iv)  whether employment of prisoners outside prison premises, either for a public authority or for a private enterprise, is allowed;

(v)  the conditions in which employment under any of the above conditions takes place, in respect of remuneration (indicating the level and comparing it with any minimum wage normally applicable to such work), benefits accruing (such as pension rights and workers’ compensation), observance of occupational safety and health legislation and other conditions of employment (e.g. through labour inspection), and how those conditions are determined;

(vi)  what the source of any remuneration is (whether from public or private funds) and for what purposes it must or may be applied (e.g. for the personal use of the prisoner or if it is subject to compulsory deductions);

(vii)for whose benefit is the product of prisoners’ work and any surplus profit deriving from it, after deduction of overheads, and how it is disbursed;

(viii)how the consent of the prisoners concerned is guaranteed, so that it is free from the menace of any penalty, including any loss of privileges or other disadvantages following from a refusal to work.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2002, published 91st ILC session (2003)

The Committee notes with regret that no report has been received from the Government. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request:

1. Article 2, paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. The Committee has noted that section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997 excludes from the prohibition of forced labour any work exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws. It has also noted that section 1 of the Act on the general military duties and on military service of 1993 (as amended on 1 August 1997) refers to a citizen’s right to perform an alternative (non-military) service in accordance with the law. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide, in its next report, information on provisions governing such alternative (non-military) service. Please indicate, in particular, whether the law on alternative (non-military) service referred to in section 1 of the abovementioned Act has been adopted and, if so, please supply a copy.

Article 2, paragraph 2(c). The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply, with its next report, a copy of the Criminal Code of 21 May 1998 (No. 517), as well as copies of updated texts of the Correctional Labour Code and any other texts of laws or regulations in force concerning prison labour. Please indicate whether prison labour must be in all cases performed in prisons or in enterprises belonging to the executive penal system or in other state-owned enterprises, and what guarantees are provided to ensure that convicted prisoners are not hired to or placed at the disposal of private individuals, companies or associations.

Article 2, paragraph 2(d). The Committee has noted the provisions of the Constitution concerning a state of emergency and, in particular, that the legal regime of a state of emergency is determined by a constitutional law (article 47). It would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, whether such a constitutional law has been adopted and, in the affirmative, supply a copy of its text. Noting that any work exacted in cases of emergency is excluded from the prohibition of forced labour under section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997, the Committee asks the Government to indicate, in its next report, what guarantees are provided to ensure that the power to call up labour during a state of emergency is limited to what is strictly required by the exigencies of the situation and that work exacted in case of emergency shall cease as soon as the circumstances that endanger the population or its normal living conditions no longer exist.

Article 2, paragraph 2(e). Please indicate whether minor communal services may be exacted, in the direct interest of the community, as normal civic obligations of its members and, if so, whether the members of the community or their direct representatives have the right to be consulted in regard to the need for such services.

Article 25. The Committee has noted the Government’s general statement in its first report that sanctions for the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour are provided for in the Criminal Code. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, any penal provisions applicable in case of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour. Please also furnish information on any legal proceedings which may have been instituted as a consequence of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour and on any penalties imposed.

2. Referring to the general observation on the Convention made in its report to the 87th Session of the International Labour Conference (1999), the Committee requests the Government to include in its next report information as to the present position in law and practice as regards:

(i)  whether there are prisons administered by private concerns, profit-making or otherwise;

(ii)  whether any private prison contractors deploy prisoners to work either inside or outside prison premises, either for the account of the contractor or for that of another enterprise;

(iii)  whether private parties are admitted by the prison authorities into prison premises of any kind for the purpose of engaging prisoners in employment;

(iv)  whether employment of prisoners outside prison premises, either for a public authority or for a private enterprise, is allowed;

(v)  the conditions in which employment under any of the above conditions takes place, in respect of remuneration (indicating the level and comparing it with any minimum wage normally applicable to such work), benefits accruing (such as pension rights and workers’ compensation), observance of occupational safety and health legislation and other conditions of employment (e.g. through labour inspection), and how those conditions are determined;

(vi)  what the source of any remuneration is (whether from public or private funds) and for what purposes it must or may be applied (e.g. for the personal use of the prisoner or if it is subject to compulsory deductions);

(vii)  for whose benefit is the product of prisoners’ work and any surplus profit deriving from it, after deduction of overheads, and how it is disbursed;

(viii)how the consent of the prisoners concerned is guaranteed, so that it is free from the menace of any penalty, including any loss of privileges or other disadvantages following from a refusal to work.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2001, published 90th ILC session (2002)

The Committee notes with regret that no report has been received from the Government. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the following matters raised in its previous direct request:

Article 2, paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. The Committee has noted that section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997 excludes from the prohibition of forced labour any work exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws. It has also noted that section 1 of the Act on the general military duties and on military service of 1993 (as amended on 1 August 1997) refers to a citizen’s right to perform an alternative (non-military) service in accordance with the law. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide, in its next report, information on provisions governing such alternative (non-military) service. Please indicate, in particular, whether the law on alternative (non-military) service referred to in section 1 of the abovementioned Act has been adopted and, if so, please supply a copy.

Article 2, paragraph 2(c). The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply, with its next report, a copy of the Criminal Code of 21 May 1998 (No. 517), as well as copies of updated texts of the Correctional Labour Code and any other texts of laws or regulations in force concerning prison labour. Please indicate whether prison labour must be in all cases performed in prisons or in enterprises belonging to the executive penal system or in other state-owned enterprises, and what guarantees are provided to ensure that convicted prisoners are not hired to or placed at the disposal of private individuals, companies or associations.

Article 2, paragraph 2(d). The Committee has noted the provisions of the Constitution concerning a state of emergency and, in particular, that the legal regime of a state of emergency is determined by a constitutional law (article 47). It would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, whether such a constitutional law has been adopted and, in the affirmative, supply a copy of its text. Noting that any work exacted in cases of emergency is excluded from the prohibition of forced labour under section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997, the Committee asks the Government to indicate, in its next report, what guarantees are provided to ensure that the power to call up labour during a state of emergency is limited to what is strictly required by the exigencies of the situation and that work exacted in case of emergency shall cease as soon as the circumstances that endanger the population or its normal living conditions no longer exist.

Article 2, paragraph 2(e). Please indicate whether minor communal services may be exacted, in the direct interest of the community, as normal civic obligations of its members and, if so, whether the members of the community or their direct representatives have the right to be consulted in regard to the need for such services.

Article 25. The Committee has noted the Government’s general statement in its first report that sanctions for the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour are provided for in the Criminal Code. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, any penal provisions applicable in case of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour. Please also furnish information on any legal proceedings which may have been instituted as a consequence of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour and on any penalties imposed.

2. Referring to the general observation on the Convention made in its report to the 87th Session of the International Labour Conference (1999), the Committee requests the Government to include in its next report information as to the present position in law and practice as regards:

(i)  whether there are prisons administered by private concerns, profit-making or otherwise;

(ii)  whether any private prison contractors deploy prisoners to work either inside or outside prison premises, either for the account of the contractor or for that of another enterprise;

(iii)  whether private parties are admitted by the prison authorities into prison premises of any kind for the purpose of engaging prisoners in employment;

(iv)  whether employment of prisoners outside prison premises, either for a public authority or for a private enterprise, is allowed;

(v)  the conditions in which employment under any of the above conditions takes place, in respect of remuneration (indicating the level and comparing it with any minimum wage normally applicable to such work), benefits accruing (such as pension rights and workers’ compensation), observance of occupational safety and health legislation and other conditions of employment (e.g. through labour inspection), and how those conditions are determined;

(vi)  what the source of any remuneration is (whether from public or private funds) and for what purposes it must or may be applied (e.g. for the personal use of the prisoner or if it is subject to compulsory deductions);

(vii)  for whose benefit is the product of prisoners’ work and any surplus profit deriving from it, after deduction of overheads, and how it is disbursed;

(viii)how the consent of the prisoners concerned is guaranteed, so that it is free from the menace of any penalty, including any loss of privileges or other disadvantages following from a refusal to work.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2000, published 89th ILC session (2001)

1.  The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report contains no reply to previous comments. It hopes that the next report will include full information on the following matters raised in its previous direct request:

  Article 2, paragraph 2(a), of the Convention.  The Committee has noted that section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997 excludes from the prohibition of forced labour any work exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws. It has also noted that section 1 of the Act on the general military duties and on military service of 1993 (as amended on 1 August 1997) refers to a citizen’s right to perform an alternative (non-military) service in accordance with the law. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide, in its next report, information on provisions governing such alternative (non-military) service. Please indicate, in particular, whether the law on alternative (non-military) service referred to in section 1 of the abovementioned Act has been adopted and, if so, please supply a copy.

Article 2, paragraph 2(c).  The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply, with its next report, a copy of the Criminal Code of 21 May 1998 (No. 517), as well as copies of updated texts of the Correctional Labour Code and any other texts of laws or regulations in force concerning prison labour. Please indicate whether prison labour must be in all cases performed in prisons or in enterprises belonging to the executive penal system or in other state-owned enterprises, and what guarantees are provided to ensure that convicted prisoners are not hired to or placed at the disposal of private individuals, companies or associations.

  Article 2, paragraph 2(d).  The Committee has noted the provisions of the Constitution concerning a state of emergency and, in particular, that the legal regime of a state of emergency is determined by a constitutional law (article 47). It would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, whether such a constitutional law has been adopted and, in the affirmative, supply a copy of its text. Noting that any work exacted in cases of emergency is excluded from the prohibition of forced labour under section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997, the Committee asks the Government to indicate, in its next report, what guarantees are provided to ensure that the power to call up labour during a state of emergency is limited to what is strictly required by the exigencies of the situation and that work exacted in case of emergency shall cease as soon as the circumstances that endanger the population or its normal living conditions no longer exist.

  Article 2, paragraph 2(e).  Please indicate whether minor communal services may be exacted, in the direct interest of the community, as normal civic obligations of its members and, if so, whether the members of the community or their direct representatives have the right to be consulted in regard to the need for such services.

  Article 25.  The Committee has noted the Government’s general statement in its first report that sanctions for the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour are provided for in the Criminal Code. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, any penal provisions applicable in case of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour. Please also furnish information on any legal proceedings which may have been instituted as a consequence of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour and on any penalties imposed.

2.  Referring to the general observation on the Convention made in its report to the 87th Session of the International Labour Conference (1999), the Committee requests the Government to include in its next report information as to the present position in law and practice as regards:

(i)  whether there are prisons administered by private concerns, profit-making or otherwise;

(ii)  whether any private prison contractors deploy prisoners to work either inside or outside prison premises, either for the account of the contractor or for that of another enterprise;

(iii)  whether private parties are admitted by the prison authorities into prison premises of any kind for the purpose of engaging prisoners in employment;

(iv)  whether employment of prisoners outside prison premises, either for a public authority or for a private enterprise, is allowed;

(v)  the conditions in which employment under any of the above conditions takes place, in respect of remuneration (indicating the level and comparing it with any minimum wage normally applicable to such work), benefits accruing (such as pension rights and workers’ compensation), observance of occupational safety and health legislation and other conditions of employment (e.g. through labour inspection), and how those conditions are determined;

(vi)  what the source of any remuneration is (whether from public or private funds) and for what purposes it must or may be applied (e.g. for the personal use of the prisoner or if it is subject to compulsory deductions);

(vii)for whose benefit is the product of prisoners’ work and any surplus profit deriving from it, after deduction of overheads, and how it is disbursed;

(viii)how the consent of the prisoners concerned is guaranteed, so that it is free from the menace of any penalty, including any loss of privileges or other disadvantages following from a refusal to work.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1999, published 88th ILC session (2000)

1. The Committee notes that the Government's report contains no reply to previous comments. It hopes that the next report will include full information on the following matters raised in its previous direct request: Article 2, paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. The Committee has noted that section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997 excludes from the prohibition of forced labour any work exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws. It has also noted that section 1 of the Act on the general military duties and on military service of 1993 (as amended on 1 August 1997) refers to a citizen's right to perform an alternative (non-military) service in accordance with the law. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide, in its next report, information on provisions governing such alternative (non-military) service. Please indicate, in particular, whether the law on alternative (non-military) service referred to in section 1 of the above-mentioned Act has been adopted and, if so, please supply a copy. Article 2, paragraph 2(c). The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply, with its next report, copies of updated texts of the Criminal Code, Correctional Labour Code and any other texts of laws or regulations in force concerning prison labour. Please indicate whether prison labour must be in all cases performed in prisons or in enterprises belonging to the executive penal system or in other state-owned enterprises, and what guarantees are provided to ensure that convicted prisoners are not hired to or placed at the disposal of private individuals, companies or associations. Article 2, paragraph 2(d). The Committee has noted the provisions of the Constitution concerning a state of emergency and, in particular, that the legal regime of a state of emergency is determined by a constitutional law (article 47). It would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, whether such a constitutional law has been adopted and, in the affirmative, supply a copy of its text. Noting that any work exacted in cases of emergency is excluded from the prohibition of forced labour under section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997, the Committee asks the Government to indicate, in its next report, what guarantees are provided to ensure that the power to call up labour during a state of emergency is limited to what is strictly required by the exigencies of the situation and that work exacted in case of emergency shall cease as soon as the circumstances that endanger the population or its normal living conditions no longer exist. Article 2, paragraph 2(e). Please indicate whether minor communal services may be exacted, in the direct interest of the community, as normal civic obligations of its members and, if so, whether the members of the community or their direct representatives have the right to be consulted in regard to the need for such services. Article 25. The Committee has noted the Government's general statement in its first report that sanctions for the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour are provided for in the Criminal Code. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, any penal provisions applicable in case of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour. Please also furnish information on any legal proceedings which may have been instituted as a consequence of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour and on any penalties imposed.

2. Referring to the general observation on the Convention made in its report to the 87th Session of the International Labour Conference (1999), the Committee requests the Government to include in its next report information as to the present position in law and practice as regards:

(i) whether there are prisons administered by private concerns, profit-making or otherwise;

(ii) whether any private prison contractors deploy prisoners to work either inside or outside prison premises, either for the account of the contractor or for that of another enterprise;

(iii) whether private parties are admitted by the prison authorities into prison premises of any kind for the purpose of engaging prisoners in employment;

(iv) whether employment of prisoners outside prison premises, either for a public authority or for a private enterprise, is allowed;

(v) the conditions in which employment under any of the above conditions takes place, in respect of remuneration (indicating the level and comparing it with any minimum wage normally applicable to such work), benefits accruing (such as pension rights and workers' compensation), observance of occupational safety and health legislation and other conditions of employment (e.g. through labour inspection), and how those conditions are determined;

(vi) what the source of any remuneration is (whether from public or private funds) and for what purposes it must or may be applied (e.g. for the personal use of the prisoner or if it is subject to compulsory deductions);

(vii) for whose benefit is the product of prisoners' work and any surplus profit deriving from it, after deduction of overheads, and how it is disbursed;

(viii) how the consent of the prisoners concerned is guaranteed, so that it is free from the menace of any penalty, including any loss of privileges or other disadvantages following from a refusal to work.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1998, published 87th ILC session (1999)

The Committee notes that the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Article 2, paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. The Committee notes that section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997 excludes from the prohibition of forced labour any work exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws. It also notes that section 1 of the Act on the general military duties and on military service of 1993 (as amended on 1 August 1997) refers to a citizen's right to perform an alternative (non-military) service in accordance with the law. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide, in its next report, information on provisions governing such alternative (non-military) service. Please indicate, in particular, whether the law on alternative (non-military) service referred to in section 1 of the above-mentioned Act has been adopted and, if so, please supply a copy.

Article 2, paragraph 2(b). Please indicate any work or service (other than compulsory military service or work or service required in case of emergency) which may be exacted as normal civic obligations of the citizens and therefore excluded from the definition of "forced or compulsory labour" under this provision of the Convention.

Article 2, paragraph 2(c). The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply, with its next report, copies of updated texts of the Criminal Code, Correctional Labour Code and any other texts of laws or regulations in force concerning prison labour. Please indicate whether prison labour must be in all cases performed in prisons or in enterprises belonging to the executive penal system or in other state-owned enterprises, and what guarantees are provided to ensure that convicted prisoners are not hired to or placed at the disposal of private individuals, companies or associations.

Article 2, paragraph 2(d). The Committee notes the provisions of the Constitution concerning a state of emergency and, in particular, that the legal regime of a state of emergency is determined by a constitutional law (article 47). It would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, whether such a constitutional law has been adopted and, in the affirmative, supply a copy of its text. Noting that any work exacted in cases of emergency is excluded from the prohibition of forced labour under section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997, the Committee asks the Government to indicate, in its next report, what guarantees are provided to ensure that the power to call up labour during a state of emergency is limited to what is strictly required by the exigencies of the situation and that work exacted in case of emergency shall cease as soon as the circumstances that endanger the population or its normal living conditions no longer exist.

Article 2, paragraph 2(e). Please indicate whether minor communal services may be exacted, in the direct interest of the community, as normal civic obligations of its members and, if so, whether the members of the community or their direct representatives have the right to be consulted in regard to the need for such services.

Article 25. The Committee notes the Government's general statement in the report that sanctions for the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour are provided for in the Criminal Code. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, any penal provisions applicable in case of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour. Please also furnish information on any legal proceedings which may have been instituted as a consequence of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour and on any penalties imposed.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1997, published 86th ILC session (1998)

The Committee notes with interest the information provided by the Government in its first report on the application of the Convention. It would be grateful if the Government would supply, in its next report, additional information on the following points:

Article 2, paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. The Committee notes that section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997 excludes from the prohibition of forced labour any work exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws. It also notes that section 1 of the Act on the general military duties and on military service of 1993 (as amended on 1 August 1997) refers to a citizen's right to perform an alternative (non-military) service in accordance with the law. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide, in its next report, information on provisions governing such alternative (non-military) service. Please indicate, in particular, whether the law on alternative (non-military) service referred to in section 1 of the above-mentioned Act has been adopted and, if so, please supply a copy.

Article 2, paragraph 2(b). Please indicate any work or service (other than compulsory military service or work or service required in case of emergency) which may be exacted as normal civic obligations of the citizens and therefore excluded from the definition of "forced or compulsory labour" under this provision of the Convention.

Article 2, paragraph 2(c). The Committee would be grateful if the Government would supply, with its next report, copies of updated texts of the Criminal Code, Correctional Labour Code and any other texts of laws or regulations in force concerning prison labour. Please indicate whether prison labour must be in all cases performed in prisons or in enterprises belonging to the executive penal system or in other state-owned enterprises, and what guarantees are provided to ensure that convicted prisoners are not hired to or placed at the disposal of private individuals, companies or associations.

Article 2, paragraph 2(d). The Committee notes the provisions of the Constitution concerning a state of emergency and, in particular, that the legal regime of a state of emergency is determined by a constitutional law (article 47). It would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, whether such a constitutional law has been adopted and, in the affirmative, supply a copy of its text. Noting that any work exacted in cases of emergency is excluded from the prohibition of forced labour under section 8 of the new Labour Code of 1997, the Committee asks the Government to indicate, in its next report, what guarantees are provided to ensure that the power to call up labour during a state of emergency is limited to what is strictly required by the exigencies of the situation and that work exacted in case of emergency shall cease as soon as the circumstances that endanger the population or its normal living conditions no longer exist.

Article 2, paragraph 2(e). Please indicate whether minor communal services may be exacted, in the direct interest of the community, as normal civic obligations of its members and, if so, whether the members of the community or their direct representatives have the right to be consulted in regard to the need for such services.

Article 25. The Committee notes the Government's general statement in the report that sanctions for the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour are provided for in the Criminal Code. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would indicate, in its next report, any penal provisions applicable in case of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour. Please also furnish information on any legal proceedings which may have been instituted as a consequence of the illegal exaction of forced or compulsory labour and on any penalties imposed.